Ch 29 Plant Diversity I

campbell

370937736	bryophytes	A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.
370937737	vascular plants	plants with true vascular tissue
370937738	vascular tissue	tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants
370937739	pteridophytes	Ferns
370937740	seed	a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa
370937741	gymnosperm	seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cones
370937742	angiosperm	flowering plant; bears its seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed
370937743	charophyceans	The green algal group that shares two ultrastructural features with land plants. They are considered to be the closest relatives of land plants.
370937744	rosette cellulose synthesizing complex	Rose-shaped array of proteins that synthesize the cellulose microfibrils of the cell walls of charophyceans and land plants.
370937745	peroxisomes	Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
370937746	apical meristem	Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.
370937747	placental transfer cells	A plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo
370937748	embryophytes	Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.
370937749	alternation of generations	A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
370937750	gametophyte	the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations
370937751	sporophyte	the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations
370937752	spores	reproductive cells that can develop into another organism without fusing with another cell.
370937753	sporopollenin	a durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out.
370937754	sporangia	multicellular organs that produce spores
370937755	spore mother cells	The cells that undergo meiosis and generate haploid spores within a sporangium.
370937756	gametangia	The reproductive organ of bryophytes, consisting of the male antheridium and female archegonium; a multichambered jacket of sterile cells in which gametes are formed.
370937757	antheridia	male reproductive structure in some algae and plants
370937758	archegonium	a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
370937759	cuticule	A wax-like coating on the leaves that retains water.
370937760	stomata	the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
370937761	xylem	the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels
370937762	phloem	(botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed
370937763	secondary compounds	chemical compounds produced by plants strictly for repelling or attracting predators or pollinators.
370937764	deep green	An international initiative focusing on the deepest phylogenetic branching within the plant kingdom to identify and name the major plant clades.
370937765	streptophyta	is composed of seven clades, including land plants. Land plants and Charales are sister clades
370937766	viridiplantae	New clade that includes both green algae and land plants
370937767	plantae	the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants
370937768	mosses	phylum bryophyta, have rhizoids instead of roots; fuzzy green gametophyte; long slender sporophyte
370937769	liverworts	phylum hepatophyta, a nonvascular plant that's shaped like a human liver. found growing as a thick crust on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream.
370937770	hornworts	phylum antherocerophyta, nonvascular plant that has a slender, curved structure that look like horns growing out of the gametophytes. the horn like structures are actually the sporophytes. they are not found on rocks or tree trunks. they grow in moist soil, often mixed in with grass plants.
370937771	protonema	mass of tangled green filaments in mosses that forms during germination
370937772	gametophore	The mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte.
370937773	rhizoids	the hyphae that anchors the mold to the surface of the bread and that penetrates the breads surface
370937774	foot	(1) The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells. (2) One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a muscular structure usually used for movement. See also mantle, visceral mass.
370937775	seta	stalk of a moss capsule
370937776	sporangium	a specialized sac, case, or capsule, or other structure that produces spores.
370937777	capsule	a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
370937778	calyptra	the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy
370937779	peristome	A ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule (sporangium), often specialized for gradual spore discharge.
370937780	peat	partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water, partially decayed plant matter found in bogs
370937781	branched sporophytes	sporophytes that can become independent of parental gametophytes. A characteristic of vascular plants
370937782	seedless vascular plants	The informal collective name for the phyla Lycophyta (club mosses and their relatives) and Pteridophyta (ferns and their relatives).
370937783	protracheophyte polysporangiophytes	A group of Silurian moss-like ancestors that were like bryophytes in lacking lignified vascular tissue but were different in having independent, branched, sporophytes that were not dependent on gametophytes for their growth.
370937784	microphylls	In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein.
370937785	megaphylls	a leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of vast majority of vascular plants; Complex leaves
370937786	homosporous	Referring to plants in which a single type of spore develops into a bisexual gametophyte having both male and female sex organs.
370937787	heterosporous	A term referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores that develop into male gametophytes and megaspores that develop into female gametophytes.
370937788	megaspores	A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a female gametophyte bearing archegonia.
370937789	microspores	A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a male gametophyte with antheridia.
370937790	lychophyta	Club mosses are small plants with rhizomes and short, erect branches. Like horsetails, theyy were common 300 million years ago when their extinct relatives were treelike plants.
370937791	pterophyta	Ferns. "Seedless plants". Among earliest vascular plants to colonize land. Life cycle involves alternation of generation (dominant stage is the sporophyte generation).
370937792	sporophylls	A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction.
370937793	psilophytes	most primitive of tracheophytes and contains rhizoids; only living vascular plants to lack both true roots and leaves
370937794	spenophyta	Vascular plants with hollow, ribbed stems and reduced, scalelike leaves. E.g. horsetails. Extinct species were as large as modern trees. Current ones are small & found in wet, marshy habitats.
370937795	horsetails	seedless vascular plant with jointed stems; needlelike branches AKA spenophyta
370937796	ferns	Any of numerous flowerless, seedless vascular plants having roots, stems, and fronds and reproducing by spores AKA pterophyta
370937797	sori	fern structures in which spores are produced