APGOV Unit 1

screw everything tbqh

272536519	Constitution	A nation's basic law
272536520	Declaration of Independence	document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their independence from the British monarchy
272536521	natural rights	Rights inherited by human beings
272536522	consent of the governed	when people must decide who their rulers should be
272536523	limited government	there must be restrictions on government
272536524	the Articles of Confederation	1776, the congress appointed a group to draw up a plan for a permanent union of the states. this plan was called...
272536525	Shay's Rebellion	1786 - a small band of farmers in western Massachusetts rebelled at losing their land to creditors
272536526	New Jersey Plan	Each state should be equally represented in congress (proposed by William Paterson)
272536527	Virginia Plan	Each state should be represented in Congress according to population
272536528	Connecticut Compromise	•The Senate: two members from each state •The House: representation based on population
272536529	3/5 compromise	taxation and representation were to be based on the number of free persons plus three-fifths of the number of all other persons.aka slaves
272536530	Traditional Democratic Theory	Equality in Voting Effective Participation Enlightened Understanding Citizen Control of the Agenda Inclusion
272536531	Equality in Voting	o One person, one vote o Not universal; representative
272536532	Effective Participation	o Citizens must have adequate and equal opportunities to express their preferences
272536533	Enlightened Understanding	o Democratic society = marketplace of ideas o Free press and speech are essential to civic understanding
272536534	Citizen Control of the Agenda	o Citizens have the collective right to control the gov's policy agenda
272536535	Inclusion	o Gov. must include and extend rights to all subject to its laws o Must be open to all within a nation
272536536	majority rule	The gov. must practice this; when voting or choosing, the will of over half the voters must be followed
272536537	minority rights	Minorities still have a right to basic principles like freedom or speech and assemble
272536538	Representation	Relationship between the few leaders and many people
272536539	Pluralist Theory	Groups of shared interests can interest public policy by pressing their concerns through organized efforts
272536540	pluralists	people that are optimistic that public interest will come through sometime in the making of public policy through a process of bargaining and compromise
272536541	elite and class theory	society is devided along class line aand and upper class runs the government
272536542	elite class theorists	People that believe that o Wealth is the basis of power (holding property, stocks, and bonds) o 1/3 of the nation's wealth is held by 1% of the population aka rich peoplez o ...only because they can afford to finance election campaigns and control key institutions
272536543	Hyperpluralism	pluralism gone bad - groups are so strong the government is weakened and the influence of all these groups cripples the governments ability to make policy
272536544	policy gridlock	- A condition that occurs when no cloalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy is called
272536545	Government	institutions that make authoritative decisions for any given society
272536546	American Institutions	a. Congress b. The President c. The Courts d. The Federal Administrative Agencies (bureaucracy)
272536547	Things all governments should have in common	a. Maintain a national defense b. Provide public services c. Preserve order d. Socialize the young e. Collect taxes
272536548	Public Goods	- Governments spend billions on schools, libraries, hospitals, highways, and public parks - Since these services cannot be refused to anyone, they are called
272536549	Politics	the process in which we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. This produces authoritative decisions about public issues
272536550	Political Participation	a. Voting b. Supporting c. Compromising d. Lobbying
272536551	single-issue group	people who vote for a politician based on their view on a single issue
272536552	policymaking system	process in which policy is made and evolves over time.
272536553	Linkage institutions	political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda
272536554	examples of linkage instutitions	a. Elections b. Political parties c. Interest groups d. The media
272536555	political issue	when people disagree about a problem or about the public policy that is needed to fix it
272536556	three policymaking institutions	a. Congress b. The presidency c. The courts
272536557	Public Policy	a choice that the government makes in response to a political issue (every law passed, budget established, and ruling)
272536558	Policy Impacts	the effects that a policy has on people and on society's problems
272536559	Democracy	the means of selecting a policymakers and of organizing government so that policy reflects citizens' choices
272536560	Gross Domestic Product	(29% spent by national, state, and local govs) the total value of all goods and services produced annually by the United States
272536561	Equal Rights Amendment	proposed by Susan B. Anthony, "Euqality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridges by the United States or by any State on account of sex."