Introduction to Psychology - Chapter 1
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431476131 | psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes | |
431476132 | behavior | any action that people can observe or measure | |
431476133 | cognitive activities | private, unmeasurable mental processes such as dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories | |
431476134 | psychological constructs | theoretical entities, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly | |
431476135 | theory | a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and happen the way they do | |
431476136 | psychiatrist | a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders; can prescribe medication | |
431476137 | psychologist | A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals | |
431476138 | clinical psychology | a branch of psychology that studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders | |
431476139 | counseling psychology | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being | |
431476140 | school psychology | field of specialization concerned with evaluating students' interests and abilities and resolving learning and emotional problems in school settings | |
431476141 | educational psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and an enhance teaching and learning; examines curriculum design, teacher training, achievement testing, student motivation, classroom diversity, and other aspects of the educational process. | |
431476142 | developmental psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | |
431476143 | personality psychology | Concerned with individual differences and the characteristics and traits that make each person unique | |
431476144 | social psychology | the branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interactions | |
431476145 | experimental psychology | the branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues | |
431476146 | basic research | Research that has no immediate application and is done for its own sake | |
431476147 | environmental psychology | The field of psychology that studies the ways in which people and the environment influence each other. | |
431476148 | comparative psychology | branch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species | |
431476149 | consumer psychology | branch of psychology that studies the habits of consumers in the marketplace | |
431476150 | industrial psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces | |
431476151 | organizational psychology | a subfield of industrial/organizational psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change | |
431476152 | human factors psychology | a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use | |
431476153 | community psychology | branch of psychology that focuses on addressing psychological and social needs on a community wide basis | |
431476154 | forensic psychology | application of psychological principles and methods in a legal environment, especially in court actions | |
431476155 | health psychology | The subfield within psychology that is concerned with the psychological factors that contribute to health, illness, and recovery. | |
431476156 | rehabilitation psychology | subfield which assists individuals or their family members with learning how to cope with a disability | |
431476157 | cross-cultural psychology | branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes | |
431476158 | introspection | a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings | |
431476159 | associationism | the theory that our understanding of the world occurs through ideas associated with similar sensory experiences and perceptions. | |
431476160 | structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind | |
431476161 | functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. | |
431476162 | psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions | |
431476163 | psychodynamic thinking | the theory that most of what exists in an individual's mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes | |
431476164 | behaviorism | an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior | |
431476165 | Gestalt psychology | school of psychology that studies how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns | |
431476166 | biological perspective | the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior | |
431476167 | evolutionary perspective | focuses on the evolution of behavior and mental processes | |
431476168 | cognitive perspective | the point of view that emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior | |
431476169 | humanistic perspective | School of thought that focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individual's freedom to choose, and capacity for personal growth. | |
431476170 | psychoanalytic perspective | the perspective that emphasizes the influence of unconscious forces in behavior | |
431476171 | learning perspective | the psychological point of view that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior | |
431476172 | social-learning theory | the theory that suggests that people can change their environments or create new ones | |
431476173 | sociocultural perspective | A psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior | |
431476174 | biopsychosocial perspective | a perspective on psychopathology that emphasizes the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to mental illness. |