Ch. 17 Industrial Revolution

244908886	ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT	a law which was passed by English Parliament, allowing land-owners to create large closed-in fields for farming
244908887	CROP ROTATION	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
244908888	INDUSTRIALIZATION	The process of making goods using machinery
244908889	FACTORS OF PRODUCTION	LAND, LABOR, CAPITAL: resources necessary to produce goods and services
244908890	FACTORY	Buildings used to house large and expensive machinery, a place where production takes place
244908891	ENTREPRENEUR	A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business
244908892	MIDDLE CLASS	A class made up of skilled workers, professionals, and merchants
244908893	STOCK	a share or rights of ownership within a corporation
244908894	CORPORATION	A business or company owned by stockholders who share profits but are not responsible for debt
244908895	ASSEMBLY LINE	Improved by Henry Ford; In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. MAKES PRODUCING GOODS FASTER AND CHEAPER
244908896	MONOPOLIES	Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service and no competition
244908897	BOURGEOISIE	Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of production which he called "the Haves"
244908898	PROLETARIAT	Marx's term for the exploited workers whom he called "the Have Nots"
244908899	COTTAGE INDUSTRY/DOMESTIC SYSTEM	Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.
244908900	URBANIZATION	the increase in the size and number of cities
244908901	SLUMS	neighborhoods where the poor, working-class lived, often located near where they worked
244908902	TENEMENTS	five or six story, wooden apartment buildings where workers lived, most were in poor condition
244908903	INVENTIONS	an act or instance of creating or producing by exercise of the imagination
244908904	RAW MATERIAL	material before being processed or manufactured into a final form
244908905	MARKET ECONOMY	a capitalistic economic system
244908906	CAPITAL	wealth, measured in money or property
244908907	LABOR UNION	groups of workers who would form to protest against working conditions
244908908	SOCIAL DARWINISM	a belief that states some people are superior to other people, based on Darwinism, BUT NOT WHAT DARWIN BELIEVED
244908909	REALISM	the idea of seeing the world as it is, was seen in literature, art, and politics
244908910	STRIKES	a work stoppage used to make owners give in to demands of the workers
244908911	DIVISION OF LABOR	a production process in which a worker or group of workers is assigned a specialized task in order to increase efficiency
244908912	SOCIALISM	Karl Marx believed that there should be common ownership of all natural resources and produced and sold goods
244908913	TEXTILE	the industry of making cloth
244908914	URBAN	living in a city
245439904	ECONOMICS	how people produce, buy and sell goods and services
245439905	GOODS	items produced to sell
245439906	SERVICES	services provided for a price
245478493	MASS PRODUCTION	the production or manufacture of goods in large quantities, especially by machinery.
248408729	NATURAL RESOURCES	the natural wealth of a country, consisting of land, forests, mineral deposits, water
248408730	INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS	Interchangeable parts are parts that are, for practical purposes, identical. Created to speed up production of goods made.