Chapter 10-The Later Middle Ages Flashcards

41434104	Joan of Arc	Peasant girl who talked to God and said that the French should save Orleans; burned at the stake as a heretic in 1431
41434105	John Wycliffe	(1330-1384) He attacked the Church's wealth and the crown supported him; believed that the Church should have less of a role in temporal affairs
41434106	Emperor Charles IV	(1347-1378) Emperor of the HRE; issued the Golden Bull in 1356; founded a university, authored religious texts, and built up Prague
41434107	William of Ockham	A Franciscan monk that defended radical poverty and developed nominalism
41434108	Jacquerie	The revolt of French peasants against the aristocracy and crown in 1358; it was part of the struggle for labor rights after the Black Death
41434109	"The Divine Comedy"	Written by Alighieri; a poem that is a summary of philosophical and theological thought and political commentary on what is good and bad during medieval times
41434110	Avignon	Pope Clement made this the papal city for the next 70 years; traditional Enemies of France were upset
41434111	Christine de Pisan	(1364-1430) A French poet that at first wrote conventional love poems that were popular with the French aristocracy, then she wrote autobiographical poetry in which she described how fortune changed her life; she also fought the stereotypical medieval image of women
41434112	Great Schism	(1378-1415) The conflict between two sets of rival popes based in Rome and Avignon that divided the loyalties of states and individuals across Europe
41434113	Holy Roman Empire	loose federation of mostly German states and principalities headed by the Holy Roman Emperor, elected by the princes
41434114	"Witches' Hammer"	A book published in the fifteenth century that caused the European witch craze to begin in earnest
41434115	Black Death	The virulent combination of bubonic, septicemic, and pnuemon plagues that destroyed between one third and one half the population of Europe between 1347 and 1352
41434116	Jan Hus	(1373-1415) Leader of a movement in Bohemia based on Wycliffe's ideas; was burned at the stake at the Council of Constance
41434117	Hanseatic League	During the second half of the 1300s, Northern German towns that controlled the grain trade
41434118	Dante Alighieri	(1265-1321) A Tuscan poet born into a Florentine family. Wrote "The Divine Comedy," which is a view of the whole Christian universe
41434119	Benefices	The sale of Church offices that encouraged pluralism
41434120	"The Canterbury Tales"	Written by Chaucer; poem that has pilgrims representing the different types of people during medieval times
41434121	Council of Constance	Under support of Emeperor Sigismund, cardinal, bishops, abbots, and theologians from across Europe came to solve the Great Schism; its goal was to reform the church in hopes of never seeing a second schism occur; elected an Italian pope, Martin V and ended the schism
41434122	Wars of the Roses	(1455-1485) An English Civil war; aristocratic families (York vs. Lancaster) fought for power while the king was away; Henry Tudor won
41434123	Lollards	Followers of Wycliffe
41434124	Golden Bull	1356 An edict that recognized that the German princes and kings were autonomous rulers; changed the election of the emperor by stating that only the seven great princes elected the next emperor; lessened the significance of the pope
41434125	Nominalism	The doctrine of William of Ockham that argued that human reason could not aspire to certain truth; conclusions can not be deduced from specific cases
41434126	Etienne Marcel	(1316-1358) A wealthy Parisian cloth merchant that led an uprising of merchants who sought to take control of royal finances
41434127	Geoffrey Chaucer	(1343-1400) Born into London merchant family and was a courtier; wrote "Canterbury Tales"
41434128	Indulgences	Remission of temporal punishment in Purgatory due to one's sins; originally granted for performing pious acts, but later acquired through a grant to the Church treasury
41434129	Conciliarism	The movement proposed by Church lawyers in which only a general council of bishops could end the Great Schism; lessened the power of the pope because it gave an assembly power over the pope
41434130	Hundred Years' War	(1337-1452) A series of military engagements between England and France over territorial and dynastic rivalries; causes were who should have Gascony, the relationship between English and Flemish cloth towns, and royal succession in France
44844092	Francesco Petrarch	one of the first humanists, lived from 1304 to 1374, famous scholar/teacher/poet, believed that classical writings (Greek and Roman) should be studied and imitated