Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775 Flashcards

468447213	The primary reason for the spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century was	the natural fertility of the population
468447214	German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in	Pennsylvania
468447215	The scots-irish eventually became concentrated especially in	the frontier areas
468447216	Compared with the seventeeth century, American colonial society in the eighteeth century showed	greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor
468447217	the most honored professsion in the colonial America was the	clergymen
468447218	The primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans was	agriculture
468447219	Indians and African Americans shared in the common American experience of	creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethinc groups
468447220	An unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scare were	convicts and paupers
468447221	The "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses and slaves among the ports of	New England, Africa, and the West Indies
468447222	The passage of British restrictions on trade and encouraged colonial merchants to	find ways to smuggle and otherise evade the law by trading with other countries
468447223	Besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important fuction as centers of	news and political opinion
468447224	The Angelican church suffered in colonial America because of	its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities
468447225	The two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in vavrious colonies were the	Anglicans and Congregationalists
468447226	Among the many impostant results of the Great Awakening ws that it	broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity
468447227	A primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was	using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary
468447228	Deutsch	Corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania
468447229	Scots-Irish	Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies
468447230	Regulator	Rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson
468447231	Jayle Birds	popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities
468447232	Praying Towns	Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized
468447233	Lawyer	A once-despised profession
468447234	Triangular Trade	small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa and the West Indies
468447235	taverns	popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip and political debate
468447236	established	term for tax-supported condition of Congretional and Anglican churches, but not of Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics.
468447237	Great Awakening	spectacular, emtional religious revival of the 1730's amd the 1740's
468447238	New Light	ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it
468447239	Colleges	Institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awkwaening, although a few had been founded earlier
468447240	The Zenger Case	The case that establishedthe precedent that true statements about the public officaials could not be prossecuted as libel
468447241	Council	the upper house of a colonial legislature appointed by the crown or the proprietor
468447242	Richards Almanack	Benjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables and advice.
468447243	George Whitefield	Itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies
468447244	John Peter Zenger	Colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press
468447245	John singleton Copley	colonial painter who studied and worked in Britian
468447246	Philadelphia	Leading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin
468447247	African Americans	Largest non-English group in the colonies
468447248	Quakers	Dominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, critized by other for their attitude toward the Indians
468447249	Phillis Wheatley	Former slave who became a poet at an early age
468447250	Paxton Boys and Regulators	Scots-Irish frontiersmen who prostested against colonial elites of Pennsylvaniaand North Carolina
468447251	Molasses Act	Attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies
468447252	Jonathan Edwards	Brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening
468447253	Scots-Irish	Group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities
468447254	Baptists	Nonestablished religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening
468447255	Benjamin Franklin	Author, scienists, printer, "the first civilized American"
468447256	Patrick Henry	Eloquent lawyer-rator who argued in defense of colonial rights
468447257	Anglican Church	Established religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown.
468447258	The appointment of unpopular or incompetent royal governors to colonies	promited colonial assemblies to withhold royal governors' salaries
468447259	dry over-intellectualism and loss of religious commitment	created the conditions for the Great awakening to erupt in the early eighteenth century
468447260	The heavy immigration of Germans, Scots-Irish, Africans, and others into the colonies	resulted in the development of a colonial "melting pot" only one-half English by 1775
468447261	American merchants search for non-british markets	Was met by British attempts to restrict colonial trade, eg, the Molasses Act
468447262	The large profits made by merchants as military suppliers for imperial wars	Increased the wealth of the eighteenth century colonial elite
468447263	The high natural fertility of the colonial population	Led to the increase of American population to one-third of England's in 1775
468447264	the lack of artistic concerns, cultural tradtion, and leisure in the colonies	Forced the migration of colonial artists to Britian to study and persue artisitic careers
468447265	The Zenger case	Marked the beginnings of freedom of printed political expression in the colonies
468447266	Upper-class fear of "democratic excesses" by poor whites	Reinforced colonial property qualifications for voting
468447267	The Great Awakening	Stimulated a fervent, emotional style of religion, denominational divisions, and a greater sense of inter-colonial American identity