US HISTORY - Kampf unit one test Flashcards

473900053	Bias	a prejudiced view (either for or against); a preference
473900054	Artifact	an object made by someone in the past
473900055	Historical Interpretation	the process of assigning meaning to historical events
473900056	Secondary Source	information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event
473900057	Primary Source	firsthand information about people or events
473900058	Point of View	a mental position from which things are viewed
473900059	Chronology	a record of events in the order of their occurrence
473900060	Chronicle	record in chronological order
473900061	Nomadic	person who travels from place to place
473900062	Monotheism	the belief in one god
473900063	Colony	a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country
473900064	Indentured Servant	A migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years. (p. 486)
473900065	Puritans	a member of a group that wanted to eliminate all traces of the roman catholic ritual and traditions in the church of england
473900066	Protestant Reformation	a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
473900067	private property	property owned by individuals or companies, not by the government or the people as a whole
473900068	communal property	possessions shared by a group
473900069	nuclear family	household made up of a mother, father, and children
473900070	extended family	closely related people of several generations
473900071	Jamestown	colonists built ford james to protest their settlement (jamestown named after their king)
473900072	mestizo	mixed spanish and native american population
473900073	conquistador	lured by lands filled with gold and silver, they conquered much of america
473900074	encomienda	forced native american workers to labor in a "system"
473900075	joint-stock enterprise	english colonies were originally funded by stock companies allowed several investors to pool their wealth in support of a colony that would yield a product
473900076	Navigation Acts	they tightened control over the colonial trade
473900077	mercantilism	european nations competed for wealth and power through a new economic system
473900078	triangular trade	trading process across the atlantic ocean
473900079	middle passage	a voyage that brought african slaves to the west indies, they had treated them cruelly and since it was packed full, it often lead to major diseases being spread
473900080	enlightenment	an age in which philosophers valued reason and scientific methods
473900081	proclamation of 1763	british king's law forbidding english colonists to settle west of the appalachian mountains
473900082	French and Indian war	Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.
473900083	great awakening	Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
473900084	senate	the upper house of the United States Congress
473900085	house of representatives	must be 25, 7 years of citizenship, 2 year term, 435 members, speaker of the house, no limit on terms
473900086	supreme court	the highest federal court in the United States
473900087	judicial branch	The branch of government that interprets laws
473900088	treaty	a written agreement between two states or sovereigns
473900089	legislative branch	the branch of government that makes the laws.
473900090	amendment	A change to the constitution
473900091	bill	a statute in draft before it becomes law
473900092	3/5th's compromise	said that slaves would be worth 3/5 of a person; applied when accounting for taxes and population total
473900093	census	official count of the population
473900094	boycott	refuse to sponsor/buy
473900095	treason	Betrayal of one's country
473900096	stamp act	in 1765 a law in which parliament established the first direct taxation of goods and services within the british colonies in north america
473900097	redcoats	British soldiers during the American Revolution.
473900098	loyalists	American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence.
473900099	first continental congress	September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts
473900100	articles of confederation	a document adopted by the second continental congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781 that outlined the form of government of the new united states
473900101	patriots	a colonist who supported American independence from Britain
473900102	veto	a vote that blocks a decision
473900103	proportional representation	representation of all parties in proportion to their popular vote
473900104	export tariff	congress only had power to regulate foregin aid and interstate trade but not tax and slave & commerce forbid congress to tax the exports of goods
473900105	import tariff	A tax levied on a particular foreign product entering a country
473900106	boston massacre	a clash between british soldiers and boston colonists in which five colonists were killed 1770
473900107	boston tea party	the dumping of 18,000 pounds of tea into boston harbor by colonists in 1773 to protest the tea act
473900108	second continental congress	colonists got a continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence
473900109	deceleration of independence	the document written by thomas jefferson in 1776 in which delegates of the continental congress declared the colonies' independence from britian
473900110	treaty of paris 1783	treaty ending the revolutionary war, confirming the independence of the USA and setting the boundaries of the new nation
473900111	northwest ordinance	a law that established a procedure for the admission of new states of the union
473900112	federalists	a supporter of the constitution and of a strong national government
473900113	anti federalists	people who opposed the constitution
473900114	checks and balances	the system where each branch of government exercises some control over the others
473900115	strict/loose construction	Madison and Jefferson stressed strict construction-constitution should be interpreted narrowly and the federal government restricted to powers expressly delegated to it. Hamilton stressed loose construction- the constitution contained implied as well as enumerated powers and permitted congress to make all laws necessary and proper. Said the government needed flexibility to meet its responsibilities
473900116	bill of rights	the first 10 amendements to the US constitution, added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of citizens' rights and freedoms
473900117	tyrant	any person who exercises power in a cruel way
473900118	egalitarianism	the belief that all people should have equal political, economic, social, and civil rights
473900119	federalism	political system in which a national government and constituent units such as state governments share power
473900120	ratification	the official approval of the constitution or an amendement by the states
473900121	connecticut compromise	agreement during the constitutional convention that congress should be composed of a senate, in which states would be represented equally, and a house, in which representation would be based on a state's population
473900122	quartering	Housing and Feeding British Soldiers
473900123	"taxation w/o representation"	colonists wanted physical representation among British Parliament
473900124	Martin Luther	he wrote the 95 thesis and critiqued the roman catholic church(indulgences) led to protestant
473900125	Benjamin Franklin	American patriot, writer, printer, and inventor. During the Revolutionary War he persuaded the French to help the colonists.
473900126	Jonathan Edwards	A Congregationalist preacher of the Great Awakening who spoke of the fiery depths of hell.
473900127	William Penn	Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)
473900128	John Winthrop	Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill"
473900129	King George III	King of England during the American Revolution.
473900130	George Washington	Military commander of the American Revolution. He was the first elected president of the United States (1789-1799).
473900131	Abigal Adams	wife of John Adams at the 2nd Contintal Congress; tried to influence her husband John, to include women's rights in the Declaration
473900132	Thomas Jefferson	wrote the declaration of independence anti federalist
473900133	Alexander Hamilton	United States statesman and leader of the Federalists
473900134	John Adams	America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."