culture & psychology 5,6,7 Flashcards

474328342	Spearman	believed we have one general intelligence (g) and granted that people often have special abilities that stand out; developed factor analysis- a procedure that identifies clusters of related items
474328343	Guiford	...
474328344	Factors that affect intelligence	-emotion, motivation,personality traits (according to individuals such as Piget)
474328345	Cattell	divided intelligence into fluid intelligence crystallized intelligence
474328346	fluid intelligence	non verbal, culture free
474328347	crystallized intelligence	acquired skills and knowledge (book learning)
474328348	verbal intelligence	crystallized , intelligence in the use and comprehension of language
474328349	performance intelligence	intelligence measure by non-verabals (solving puzzles, completing pictures etc) Fluid
474328350	Wechsler	created the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) 11 subtests broken into verbal and performance areas with separate scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed; DEVISED NORMAL BELL CURVE FOR INTELLIGENCE
474328351	information processing models	Views human beings as processors of information. (Provided more dynamic approach to psychology than behaviorism) -speed of processing is measured
474328352	gardner	devised theory of multiple intelligences: -spatial -logical/mathmatical -linguistic -musical -body kinesthetic -interpersonal: reading other people -intrapersonal: emotional intelligence
474328353	Sternberg Triatic theory	1. Creative - how well can you formulate new ideas........connect the dots 2. analytical - how well you think about things 3. practical - how well you adapt to enviornment *first to take street smarts into account when evaluating intelligence
474328354	Jensen	published book that said intelligence differences can be seen in the races
474328355	monozygotic twins	Twins who are genetically identical
474328356	dizygotic twins	Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings, DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes.
474328357	Adoption Studies	Compared the degree of similarity to adopted kids IQ to adopted parents and siblings (nurture) to the degree of similarity of the adopted kids score and their biological families scores (Nature) -found that at least 40% of intelligence can be attributed to heredity
474328358	Using twin studies to explain a group difference (agricultural example)	Have a barrel of random seeds and you plant them in soil and they will grow to varying heights-genetics explain this difference. Take another and plant in clay and plants grow to varying heights-genetics can explain this. Genetics can not explain the difference between the plants in clay vs plants in soil.
474328359	Twin studies controversy	-When these are used to explain IQ differences in racial groups -Lower SES children score lower on IQ tests -The debate is whether the scores are based on genetics, environmental or the tests are biased
474328360	Claude Steele	developed a theory that if you highlight a stereotype before someone takes a test, their performance affirms the stereotype Example: highlight the gender of a woman before math test might then bring to mind the stereotype that woman aren't good at math and then her score will suffer
474328361	Twin studies Patterns	As the level of genetic similarity decreases, the level of similarity decreases - this suggests genetics play a role in intelligence If IQ was solely genetic Monozygotic twins would have a 1.0 score
474328362	Grades and IQ	Only moderately correlated other factors: motivations teacher expectations parent attitudes
474328363	Occupational status	Can open doors but drops off as a predictor of success and income
474328364	Group differences	-no gender differences -greater variability in male scores, men have more individuals in the high and low ends of the bell curve (the extremes)
474328365	Stanford Binet and Wechler	Measure IQ and current level of cognitive function
474328366	analytic perception	Context independent perceptual processes that focuses on a salient object independently from the context in which it is embedded
474328367	attention	the process of focusing our limited capacities of consciousness on a particular set of stimuli,
474328368	blind spot	the point where the optic nerve enters the retina through a layer of receptor cells on its way to the back of the brain, creating a lack of sensory receptors in the eye at that location
474328369	carpentered world theory	a theory of perception that suggests that people (at least most Americans) are used to seeing things that are rectangular in shape, and thus unconsciously expect things to have square corners
474328370	collective intelligence	shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals and results in group decision-making and production
474328371	counterfactual thinking	imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn't
474328372	dialectical thinking	The tendency to accept what seem to be contradictions in thought or beliefs.
474328373	IQ tests bias	-not biased in the psychometric sense -biased in how intelligence is defined and do result in adverse impact for minority groups when fewer minorities are selected for admission
474328374	within group norming	The practice of administering the same test to every test taker but scoring the test differently according to groups. Example: a woman who gets a score of 65 percentile then you score above 65% of the women that took the test *80s legislation banned this practice
474328375	Banding	a method of interpreting test scores such that scores of different magnitude in a numeric range or band (e.g., 90-95) are regarded as being equivalent
474328376	gender stereotyping	...