Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy Flashcards

256682334	Oligarchy	-A government by the few, usually a privileged aristocracy. -The pre-Civil War South resembled this form of government. -The planter aristocracy heavily influenced the government since it was they who had most of the wealth and political and social power.
256682335	Denmark Vesey	(1767-1822) A free black who led an ill fated rebellion in Charleston in 1822. -He and more than thirty of his followers were betrayed by informers and publicly hanged.
256682336	Nat Turner	(1800-1831) A visionary black preacher who led an uprising in 1831 that slaughtered sixty Virginians, mostly women and children. -Repercussions were swift and bloody. -He was executed after the rebellion failed.
256682337	American Colonization Society	(est. 1817) Reflected he focus of early abolitionists on transporting free blacks back to Africa. -It established a West African settlement intended as a haven for emancipated slaves in Liberia.
256682338	Republic of Liberia	-West African nation founded in 1822 as a haven for freed blacks, fifteen thousand of whom made their way back across the Atlantic by the 1860s. -Its capital was named Monrovia for President Monroe.
256682339	Theodore Dwight Weld	(1803-1895) Simple and straight thinking abolitionist who had been greatly influenced by the spirit of the Second Great Awakening. -Expelled from Lane Theological Seminary in 1834 for organizing an eighteen day debate on slavery -Proceeded to travel to the Old Northwest where he publicly denounced slavery. -Wrote the influential abolitionist pamphlet "American Slavery as It Is" in 1839.
256682340	William Lloyd Garrison	(1805-1879) Most conspicuous and most vilified of the abolitionists, he was a nonresistant pacifist and a poor organizer influenced by the Second Great Awakening. -He favored northern secession from the South and antagonized both sections with his intemperate language. -Published the first issue of his militantly anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator. -In doing so he triggered a thirty year war of words and in a sense fired one of the opening barrages of the Civil War. -He and his followers founded the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833.
256682341	The Liberator	(1831-1865) Anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison, who called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. -Helped to gain him a following and led to a literary battle over slavery that foreshadowed the opening battles of the Civil War.
256682342	American Anti-Slavery Society	(1833-1870) Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and his followers, which advocated for the immediate abolition of slavery. -Some of its prominent members include the Bostonian Wendell Phillips and the former slave Frederick Douglass. -By 1838 the organization had more than 250,000 members across 1,350 chapters.
256682343	David Walker	(1785-1830) Black abolitionist who was famous for his unflinching demands that slavery abolished in America. -Published his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World in 1829, which advocated a bloody end to white supremacy.
256682344	Sojourner Truth	(1797-1883) A freed black woman in New York who fought tirelessly for black emancipation and women's rights. -Also known as "Isabella," she could hold an audience spellbound with her deep, resonant voice and the religious passion with which she condemned the sin of slavery.
256682345	Martin Delaney	(1812-1885) One of the few black leaders to take the notion of mass recolonization of Africa seriously. -Visited West Africa's Niger Valley in 1859 while seeking a suitable site for relocation.
256682346	Frederick Douglass	(1817?-1895) Born a slave in Maryland, he escaped to the North and became the most prominent of the black abolitionists. -Gifted as an orator, writer, and editor he continued to battle for the civil rights of his people after emancipation. -Served as a US minister to Haiti. -Well known for his famous autobiography which effectively told of his experiences growing up as a slave. -He and his followers looked to politics, especially in the backing of political parties, in order to abolish slavery.
256682347	Gag-Resolution	-Bill that prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals. -Proposed by southerners in the House of Representatives in an effort to suppress the constant petitions that arrived in Congress daily from antislavery reformers. -Driven through the House in 1836 by pro-slavery Southerners, it passed every year for eight years. -It was eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams who saw it as a grave violation of the right of petition.
256682348	Free-soilers	-People who did not support the outright abolishing of slavery but who did not want it extended into any of the new Western territories -More moderate position that became popular in the North.