Ch.6 Learning- Intro to psych Flashcards

131471363	classical	Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about this type of conditioning
131471364	Tolman	His research showed that reinforcement is not always necessary for learning to occur
131471365	cognitive map	A mental picture is another name for a
131471366	variable-ratio	The most effective form of reinforcement schedule is
131471367	negative reinforcement	Identify the type of reinforcement used in the following examples :Someone who becomes too warm in the sun and moves in the shade.
131471368	primary reinforcer	stimulus that encourages a behavior by meeting an organism's biological need
131471369	spontaneous recovery	action in which an organism displays responses that were extinguished earlier
131471370	massed learning	trying to learn something all at once
131471371	partial reinforcement	interval schedules and ratios are examples of this
131471372	personal contract	behavior modification in which a person sets goals and creates a system of rewards to encourage desired behavior
131471373	token economy	form of behavior that "pays" if people act correctly
131471374	conditioning	type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections
131471375	observational learning	modeling is a form of this type of learning
131471376	generalization	act of responding in the same ways to stimuli that seem to be similar; is a form of classical conditioning and enables people and animals to adapt to their environment
131471377	chaining	learning in which each step of a sequence is learned and leads to the next step
131471378	flooding	The method of ______ involves exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until he or she is no longer afraid of it.
131471379	latent	The form of learning that keeps knowledge hidden until it is needed is called ______.
131471380	shaping	_____ is a method of teaching complex behavior behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts.
131471381	negative	A/An _____ reinforcer increases the frequency of the behavior that follows when a reinforcer is removed.
131471382	previewing	The first step in the PQ4R method involves ______ the subject matter in the textbook.
131471383	distributed	To review something effectively you should use the method of learning known as _______learning.
131471384	systematic desensitization	is a form of behavior modification that uses relaxation techniques to "flood" a person with good feelings while exposing them to objects that they fear.
131471385	adapt	Classical conditioning helps animals and people ___ to their environments.