Organic Chemistry Flashcards
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| 35759257 | chemical bond | link formed by two electrons that binds atoms together; where the energy in a compound is stored | |
| 35759258 | pH scale | measurement system used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; measures the concentration of H+ ions | |
| 35759259 | acid | compound that release H+ ions in solution; pH less than 7 | |
| 35759260 | base | compound that releases OH- ions in solution; pH greater than 7 | |
| 35759261 | monomer | building block or small unit of a polymer; can be linked into chains | |
| 35759262 | polymer | large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or monomers | |
| 35759263 | carbohydrate | contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main source of energy for body, commonly end in "ose" | |
| 35759264 | monosaccharide | building block of a carbohydrate; simple sugar | |
| 35759265 | polysaccharide | large carbohydrate made up of monosaccharides, ex. starch and glycogen | |
| 35759266 | lipid | huge molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen; includes fats, oils, and waxes | |
| 35759267 | fatty acid | with glycerol, make up the building blocks of lipids | |
| 35759268 | glycerol | with fatty acids, make up the building blocks of lipids | |
| 35759269 | RNA | single stranded nucleic acid used for protein synthesis | |
| 35759270 | DNA | double stranded nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information | |
| 35759271 | protein | contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; makes up cell/body structures and enzymes | |
| 35759272 | nucleotide | building block or monomer of a nucleic acid; commonly recognized by its nitrogen bases as A, T, C, or G | |
| 35759273 | amino acid | building block or monomer of a protein | |
| 35759274 | nucleic acid | contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; involved in protein synthesis | |
| 35759275 | chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals | |
| 35759276 | reactant | chemical that enters a chemical reaction | |
| 35759277 | product | chemical that results from a chemical reaction | |
| 35759278 | activation energy | energy needed to start a reaction | |
| 35759279 | catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction | |
| 35759280 | enzyme | specialized protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing activation energy; typically end in "ase" | |
| 35759281 | substrate | reactant in a chemical reaction that happens in a living thing | |
| 35759282 | denaturation | when an enzyme changes shape and no longer functions due to high temperatures or wrong pH | |
| 35759283 | organic compound | compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen and is found in living things | |
| 35759284 | starch | polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; food storage molecule for plants | |
| 35759285 | glycogen | compound used by animals to store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscles | |
| 35759286 | glucose | simple sugar that is used to make ATP through cellular respiration | |
| 35759287 | cellulose | polysaccharide that is the main component of plant | |
| 35759288 | hemoglobin | specialized protein that carries oxygen on red blood cells | |
| 35759289 | insulin | protein hormone that helps to decrease blood sugar | |
| 35759290 | cholesterol | specialized lipid that is used in cell membranes and making hormones |