AP Bio Chapter 13 Flashcards

246130773	artificial selection	The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits
246130774	biogeography	The study of the past and present distribution of species
246130775	cline	Graded variation in some traits of individuals that parallels a gradient in the environment
246130776	comparative embryology	The study of structures that appear during the development of different organisms
246130777	descent with modification	Darwin's initial phrase for the general process of evolution
246130778	directional selection	Natural selection that favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
246130779	disruptive selection	Natural selection that favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes
246130780	evolution	All the changes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today
246130781	evolutionary adaptation	An inherited characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
246130782	fossil record	The chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geologic time engraved in rock strata
246130783	fossil	A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past
246130784	founder effect	Genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population
246130785	gene flow	The loss or gain of alleles in a population due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations
246130786	gene pool	The total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time
246130787	genetic drift	Changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance
246130788	Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium	The condition describing a non-evolving population (one that is in genetic equilibrium)
246130789	heterozygote advantage	Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared to homozygotes
246130790	homologous structures	Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
246130791	microevolution	A change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation
246130792	modern synthesis	A theory of evolution emphasizing natural selection, gradualism, and populations as the units of evolutionary change
246130793	molecular biology	The study of genes and gene expression
246130794	mutation	A rare change in the DNA of a gene ultimately creating genetic diversity
246130795	natural selection	Differential success in reproduction resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment
246130796	neutral variation	Genetic diversity that confers no apparent selective advantage
246130797	polymorphic	Referring to a population in which two or more physical forms are present in readily noticeable frequencies
246130798	population	A group of individuals of one species that live in a particular geographic area
246130799	population genetics	The science of microevolutionary changes in populations
246130800	sexual dimorphism	A special case of polymorphism based on the distinction between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females
246130801	stabilizing selection	Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes