A&P: Ch. 7 - Muscular System (2) Flashcards
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| 368379852 | extensor muscle | the muscle that straightens the joint | |
| 368379853 | flexor muscle | the muscle that bends the joint | |
| 368379854 | electromyogram (EMG) | a written record of the strength of muscle contractions when stimulated with an electrical impulse | |
| 368379855 | intercalated disc | a structure that connects heart tissue cells to facilitate a smooth contraction | |
| 368379856 | glycogen | the form that glucose (sugar) takes when it is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles | |
| 368379857 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate: the energy storage molecule used to power muscle contraction and other cellular reactions. | |
| 368379858 | lactic acid | a byproduct of intense exercise and the resulting breakdown of high levels of glucose to ATP, resulting in fatigue and muscle weakness until more oxygen is received | |
| 368379859 | oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed after intense exercise to convert lactic acid back to glucose, achieved through an increase in breathing and heart rate | |
| 368379860 | rigor mortis | the stiffening process of the entire body after death, caused by the buildup of calcium in muscles | |
| 368379861 | biceps | anterior upper arm muscles, flexes arm | |
| 368379862 | triceps | posterior upper arm muscle, extends arm | |
| 368379863 | orbicularis oculi | muscle encircling the eye. closes eyelid | |
| 368379864 | masseter | jaw muscle, closes jaw | |
| 368379865 | sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle, flexes and rotates head | |
| 368379866 | pectoralis major | chest muscle, flexes the chest area | |
| 368379869 | intercostals | muscles between ribs, assist with breathing | |
| 368379871 | latissimus dorsi | mid-lower back muscle, rotates and extends arms | |
| 368379874 | gastrocnemius | posterior calf muscle, medial to the soleus major, flexes foot | |
| 368399813 | actin | protein of the thin filament of the sarcomere; works with myosin to perform contraction | |
| 368399814 | myosin | protein of the thick filament of the sarcomere of muscle fibers; works with actin to perform contraction | |
| 368399815 | sarcomere | one of the segments, or sub units, of a myofibril; the contractile unit of a muscle cell | |
| 368399816 | sarcolemma | muscle cell membrane | |
| 368399817 | sarcoplasmic reticulum | an organelle of muscles cells that stores calcium | |
| 368399818 | action potential | change of the electrical charge of a nerve or muscle fiber when stimulated; in impulse | |
| 368399819 | z lines | lines visible on the surface of skeletal muscle that mark the ends of each sarcomere | |
| 368399820 | T tubule | a deep invagination of the sarcolemma that aids conduction of the impulse deep into the cell to the sarcoplasmic reticulum | |
| 368399821 | I-band | the zone of thin filaments not superimposed by thick filaments | |
| 368399822 | A-band | the entire length of the thick filament | |
| 368399823 | tropomyosin | the actin-blocking protein that prevents myosin heads from forming a crossbridge with actin | |
| 368399824 | troponin | attaches tropomyosin to actin; combines with calcium to release tropomysin from actin and allow crossbridge of myocin to actin |