Cellular Respiration Flashcards

506037800	cellular respiration	breaks chemical bonds of food to get ATP
506037801	oxidation	The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
506037802	reduction	The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
506037803	redox reaction	A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.
506037804	Electron transport chain	uses the high-energy electrons NADH from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP inner mitochondrial membrane breaks the fall of electrons into many energy releasing steps the last molecule in the chain passes the electrons to oxygen oxygen picks up two hydrogen to form water
506037805	glycolysis	the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP cytosol of cells 2 ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation
506037806	substrate level phosphorylation	The formation of ATP by an enzyme(PEP) directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism; occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
506037807	energy investment phase	in this part of glycolysis, the cell spends 2 ATP
506037808	energy payoff phase	in this part of glycolysis, the cell produces 4 ATP, 2NADH, and 2H+
506037809	cellular respiration formula	C6H₁₂O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
506037810	PEP	catalyzed to pyruvate which is used in krebs cycle
506037811	Transition step	2 pyruvates move to the mitochondrial matrix with the aid of a transport protein. 2 carbon pieces are oxidized to acetate and the electrons are transferred to NAD+ to make NADH
506037812	Acetyl CoA	coenzyme A attaches to acetate to make is fed into the Krebs cycle with the CoA part removed to be used again.
506037813	transition step CO2	1st place CO2 leaves 2 molecules because 2 pyruvates
506037814	Krebs Cycle	citric acid cycle , stage of cellular respiration that finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy
506037815	Krebs cycle end products	3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1ATP for one glucose you get double end products (6,2,2) because spins twice, one for each pyruvate
506037816	Chemiosmosis	An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis. ETC pumps hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane exergonic flow of electrons, energy released to push the ions out against the concentration gradient H+ leaks back across the membrane due to concentration gradient (need protein channels)
506037817	ATP synthesis	protein structure in a cell's mitochondria that uses energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP uses exergonic flow of H+ to drive oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
506037818	net gain	36-38 ATP