Chapter 15 Campbell Vocab Flashcards

Anderson AP Bio

494724422	aneuploidy	A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.
494724423	Barr body	A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
494724424	Chromosome Theory of Inheritance	A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
494724425	Crossing Over	The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
494724426	Cytogenetic Map	A chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope.
494724427	Dendrite	One of usually numerous, short, highly branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.
494724428	Down Syndrome	A human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects.
494724429	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
494724430	duplication	An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated.
494724431	genetic map	An ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome.
494724432	genetic recombination	General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
494724433	genomic imprinting	A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.
494724434	hemophilia	A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
494724435	inversion	An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated.
494724436	linkage map	A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes.
494724437	linked genes	Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together.
494724438	map unit	A unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency.
494724439	monosomic	Referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.
494724440	nondisjunction	An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other.
494724441	parental type	An offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself.
494724442	polyploidy	A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division.
494724443	sex-linked gene	A gene Located on A sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), resulting in A distinctive pattern of inheritance.
494724444	translocation	An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome. (2) During protein synthesis, the third stage in the elongation cycle when the RNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves from the A site to the P site on the ribosome. (3) The transport of organic nutrients in the phloem of vascular plants.
494724445	trisomic	Referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.
494724446	wild type	An individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself.