Ch. 4 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritence Flashcards
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| 183245967 | X/Y system | xx = females xy = males mammals, spinach, marijuana | |
| 183245968 | X/O system | xx = females xo = males insects, grasshopers, crickets | |
| 183245969 | Z/W system | zw = females zz = males Birds, fishes, strawberries | |
| 183245970 | Haplo-Diploidy System | fertilized eggs = female unfertilized eggs = male no sex chromosomes | |
| 183245971 | No Sex Determination System | Monoecious (hermaphrodite) Both sexes in one organism Plants, snails, earthworms | |
| 183245972 | The Lyon Hypothesis | Hemizygous = M + xy Females = xx = physiological imbalance 1 chromosome tightly condensed for equalization of transcription | |
| 183245973 | How to Determine the Number of Barr Bodies | Number of chromosomes X chromosomes - 1 males = 1x-1 = 0 females = 2x-1=1 | |
| 183245975 | Inheritence of X-Linked Dominant Traits | Fathers passed to daughters Incontinentia Pigmenti | |
| 183245976 | types of aneuploidy and related syndromes | Trisomy 21 - Downes Syndrome Trisomy 12 - Pataos Syndrome Trisomy 18 - Edwards Syndrome Monosomy - Tuners Syndrome XXY - Kleinfelter Syndrome | |
| 183245977 | Chromosome Modifications and Related Syndromes | 1) Deletion 2) Duplication 3) Translocation 4) Inversions | |
| 183245978 | Pedigree Analysis | Analyzing inheritance in existing populations rather than controlled crosses and species with long generation times | |
| 183245979 | Inheritence paterns for dominant autosomal Trait | 1) affected individuals have at least 1 affect parent 2) Phenotype expressed in each generation 3) 2 unaffected parents can only have unaffected offspring 4) number of males and females affected are approx. equal 5) most affected individuals are heterozygotes 6) Huntington Disease; Achondroplasia | |
| 183245980 | Inheritence patterns for recessive autosomal trait | 1) 2 Unaffected parents can have an affected child 2) 2 affected parents can only produce an affected child 3) Trait can skip generations 4) Cystic Fibrosis; Sickle Cell 5) Affect progency are both male and female and of equal proportions | |
| 183245981 | Inheritance patterns for x-linked dominant trait | 1) Affected males produce all affected daughters 2) Heterozygous women pass 50% of children 3) Females affected more 4) Trait present in each generation (incontentia pigmenti) | |
| 183245982 | Inheritence patterns for x-linked recessive trait | 1) Males more affected than females 2) Affected males receive from mothers, passed to daughters 3) Heterozygous daughters have 50% chance passing allele to sons 4) Trait skips generations 5) Color Blindness, Hemophillia, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | |
| 183245983 | Inheritence patterns for Y-linked trait | Passed exclusively from father to son | |
| 183245984 | Determination of Genotype of Subjects in Pedigree | Genetic information transferred via organelles Leaf vegetation transferred in genes in pastid Mammals transferred myopathy from mutation during ETC. | |
| 183346810 | Aneuploidy | Loss or gain of 1 or more chromosome | |
| 183346811 | Chromosome Modifications and Related Syndromes | Chromosome 15 - Prader Willi Syndrome/ Angelman Syndrome Chromosome 5 - Cri Du Chat Fragile X Syndrome - Martin Belle Syndrome | |
| 183346812 | Chromosome 15 | Prader Willi Syndrome - Eating Disorder (Inherits from father) Angelman Syndrome - Motor Problems, Uncontrollable Laughter (Inherits from Mother) | |
| 183346813 | Chromosome 5 | Cat like Cry small head retardation | |
| 183346814 | Fragile x Syndrome | Protruding Chins Long narrow Face Mental retardation (common in males) | |
| 183346815 | Deletion | Loss of a segment of a chromosome | |
| 183346816 | Duplication | Addition of a segment of a homologous chromosome | |
| 183346817 | Inversions | Reversal of the order of a chromosomal segment (Could alter gene expression) | |
| 183346818 | translocation | breakage and reattachment to a non homologous chromosome 21-14 = Downes syndrome 22-9 = Chronic Myelogenous Lukemia | |
| 183346819 | Chronoic Villi Sampling | Retrieve and examine fetal cells for genetic abnormalities Amniocentesis - later pregnancies Chronic V - Early pregnancies | |
| 183346820 | allopollyploidy | following hydization and subsequent doubling of chromosomes Can restore fertility to a sterile hybrid | |
| 183346821 | Autopolyploidy | Results from doubling of a chromosome set of a single species | |
| 183346822 | PolyPloidy | Doubling the entire sets of chromosomes 3n = triploidy, 4n = tetraploidy Tumor cells 250,000 known as plants results in chromosomes not distributed to daughter cells or by nondisjunction of cells due to failure of cytokinesis after mitosis/meiosis | |
| 183346823 | Hybrid Sterility | Caused by inability of chromosomes to pair @ prophase 1 of meiosis (Male donkey and female horse) |