Genetics Flashcards
Genetics for Living Connections!
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| 406955077 | Gentics | -The study of how hereditiry material is passed down from parent to offspring. -Started with study done by Mendel on pea plants | |
| 406955078 | Traits | A genetically determined characteristic | |
| 406955079 | Chromosomes | -Chromosomes are made up of DNA | |
| 406955080 | Genes | -Make up DNA -Responsible for traits -Always exist in pairs -One gene is called an allele -sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait | |
| 406955081 | Dominant Allele | -Always shows -Capital letter | |
| 406955082 | Recessive Allele | -Only shows if both alleles are recessive -Simple letter | |
| 406955083 | Co-dominance | -When two traits are equally dominant -White flower+Red flower=Pink flower | |
| 406955088 | A persons characteristics are caused by: | -Genes they inherit -Environment | |
| 406955089 | Continuous variation | -What you can measure -Very over a range of values -Usually quantitative -Usually affected by the environment -eg. Weight | |
| 406955090 | Discontinous variation | -What you can't measure -Usually quallitative -Unaffected by the environment -eg.eye colour | |
| 406955091 | Mutation | -Change in the type or amount of DNA -Causes genetic variation -Factors that cause mutations are known as mutagens. | |
| 406955092 | Homologous | A pair of genes that codes for the same chracteristic | |
| 406955094 | How does DNA replicate | -Unwinds -Two strands seperate -RNA bases bonds to each strand creating two new molecules of DNA -Each molecule winds up again, cretaing two new helixes. | |
| 511875855 | Haemophilia | -hemophilia: congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son. -bleeding disorder caused by mutation in the 8th gene | |
| 511875856 | genotype of haemophilia carrier | -Xh | |
| 511875857 | Full blown haemoplilia | -genotype is hh -women don't have them -symptoms are low amount of clotting in the blood compared to the normal amount | |
| 525428770 | Diploid | -2n=The full number of chromosomes | |
| 525428771 | Haploid | -n=half the number of chromosomes | |
| 525428772 | Heterozygous | -One dominant gene and one recessive gene -Hh | |
| 525428773 | Homozygous | -either two recessive genes, or two dominant genes -hh or HH | |
| 525428774 | Genotype | -Code of the gene, Hh,HH, hh etc , genetic makeup of an organism | |
| 525428775 | Phenotype | -The physical charcateristic of the gene in consequence of it's genotype -blue eyes, red hair etc, | |
| 525428776 | alleles | -different forms of a gene | |
| 525428777 | Genes | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait | |
| 525428778 | Gametes | -sperm and egg cells -haploid no. of chromosomes | |
| 525428779 | Other cells-somatic | -every cell other that sperm and egg -Diploid no. chromosomes | |
| 525428780 | Sex of child is determined by | -sperm of father-x or y | |
| 525428781 | sex-linked disease | -diseases caused by traits on X or Y chromosomes -eg.haemophilia | |
| 406955093 | Aqquired characteristics | -Characteristics from the environment -Weight, learning to swim etc | |
| 525428782 | Inherited charcteristics | -Inborn characteristics -eye colour, hair colour etc. | |
| 525428783 | carrier of disease in offspring | -mother | |
| 525428784 | Gregor Mendel | -First one to learn how DNA works -worked with pea plants -discovered heriditery patterns | |
| 525428785 | Cloning | - making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism |