Jackson Era: Antebellum and Expansion Flashcards

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258913786	Election of 1828	First election with the democratic party, Andrew Jackson runs against J.Q. Adams in a ugly election full of "mudslinging"
258913787	Democrat Party	Jacksonian era- Democrats were followers of General Andrew Jackson. changed from Democratic party to democratic-republican party
258913788	Masons	the freemasons, an international secret society which Jackson was a member of
258913789	Old Man Eloquent	nickname for J. Q. Adams , common man
258913790	Andrew Jackson	7th President of the US, war hero, very tough, founded democratic party, very skinny
258913791	Old Hickory, Long Knife, King Mob, King Andrew, King Veto	nicknames for Jackson
258913792	Spoils System	the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power, Jackson puts many friends in office
258913793	Nepotism	placing family members in office
258913794	Eaton Affair	John Eaton, Secretary of War, was rumored to have had an affair with Peggy Timberlake, whom he later married, before her husband died in 1828. She was snubbed by the wives of Jackson's cabinet (led by Calhoun's wife). The President wanted to help her because his wife had been the object of similar rumors. This turned Jackson against Calhoun, drew Van Buren and Jackson closer together and dissolved the Cabinet. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency the next year and entered the Senate for South Carolina.
258913795	1828-1850's	years of the antebellum and expansion
259932308	Silver Tongued Devil	Daniel Webster's nickname
259932309	Webster - Hayne Debate	Hayne first responded to Daniel Webster's argument of states' rights versus national power, with the idea of nullification. Webster then spent 2 full afternoons delivering his response which he concluded by saying that "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable"
259932310	The Indian Removal Acts	forced Indian tribes Westward beyond the Miss. River to INdian territory starting in 1830
259932311	Chief blackhawk	leader and warrior of the Sauk American Indian tribe in what is now the United States. Although he had inherited an important historic medicine bundle, he was not one of the Sauk's hereditary civil chiefs. His status came from leading war parties as a young man, and from his leadership of a band of Sauks during the Black Hawk War of 1832. During the War of 1812, Black Hawk fought on the side of the British. Later he led a band of Sauk and Fox warriors, known as the British Band, against European-American settlers in Illinois and present-day Wisconsin in the 1832 Black Hawk War.
259932312	Seminole Wars	Seminoles under Osceola and escaped black slaves refused to move out of Florida and staged guerrilla War against the United States
259932313	Tariff of 1828	tariff of abominations and causes enormous resentment in the South
259932314	Nullification Crisis	Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void.
259932315	Nullification and Tariff of 1833	Henry Clay's 2nd great compromiser
259932316	The Bank War	Jackson was determined to destroy the Bank of the United States because he thought it was too powerful. He felt the Bank was unconstitutional and only benefited the rich.
259932317	Roger r. Taney	Jackson's sec of treasury
259932318	NIcholas Biddle	President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.
262991896	Election of 1832	1st election with a 3rd party- Anti Mason Party.
262991897	Henry Clay	forms whig party
262991898	Whig Party	essentially replaces Republican party, and is predominately an Anti-Jackson party, Led by Henry Clay, John C, Calhoun, and Daniel Webster,
262991899	Platform of the Whig Party	"American System" , A fair Tariff, internal improvements (infrastructure) anda strong national bank
262991900	Election of 1836	1st election with whig party, Martin Van Buren easily wins the election
264683880	panic of 1837	major depression rocks country- caused by pet banks, bad loans, crop failures, over speculation in land, England withdraws money from the stock market
264683881	Van Buren	Who is blamed for the depression with massive unemployment, "Van, Van the Used up man" , Starts Independant treasury system and 10 hr federal workday
264683882	election of 1840	Whigs united under William Henry Harrison, the one Whig candidate who had won national support 4 years earlier. Borrowing campaign tactics from the Democrats and inventing many of their own, Whigs campaigned hard in every state. The result was a Whig victory and a truly national two-party system.
264683883	"Tippecanoe and Tyler too"	Harrison's 1840 election slogan
264683884	Liberty Party	who runs James Birney in election of 1840
264683885	Zach Taylor and Harrison	both whigs, military heroes, and die in office
264683886	pneumonia	Harrison rides around in the rain without a jacket and dies from what?
264683887	John Tyler	big "states rights" guy, not a whig
264683888	preemption law	passed by Tyler which allows settlers to claim up to 160 acres of western lands and pay the gov. $1.25 an acre for being the 1st on the land
264683889	Texas	what is annexed in December of 1845 and becomes the 28th state, "lone star" state
264683890	Texas War	Texas gained indepenedence from Mexico; wanted to become a state; US went to War with Mexico
264683891	Webster Ashburton Treaty	1842 between the US and the Brits, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, talked about slavery and excredition
264683892	Clayton - Bulwer Treaty	between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to canal across Isthmus of Panama; Abrogated by U.S. in 1881
264683893	Manifest Destiny	a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)
264683894	mormons	church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT
264683895	shakers	American religious sect devoted to the teachings of Ann Lee Stanley, prohibited marriage and sexual relationships
264683896	Utopian Societies	new harmony, brook farm, and Onieda Company - communal, liberal , progressive , "free love"
264683897	Seneca Falls Convention	Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.
264683898	Horace Mann	United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)
264683899	Northern Culture	industrial economy by 1840 , manufactured goods - huge expansion of coal and iron ore
264683900	Southern Culture	"king cotton" , plantation economy,
264683901	Tredegar Iron Works	large iron factory that operated in Richmond, Virginia, in the early to mid-1800s
264683902	Edmund Ruffin	advocated crop rotation, deep plowing and fertilization of soil
264683903	Mount Holyoke	First women's college in US
264683904	Election of 1844	Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs- in an upset over Van Buren) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state (NY, because some of its votes went to the Liberty Party candidate, losing Clay the state)
264683905	Expansionist	James K. Polk is a ___________ .
264683906	Liberty Party	a former political party in the United States, anti - slavery party
264683907	Polk 5 Point Platform	reduce tarriff, acquire southwest, annex texas, set up treasury system, settle oregon border dispute
264683908	Old Rough and Ready	General Zachary Taylor fought to the Rio Grande, repulsed Santa Anna
264683909	Spotty Lincoln	Abe Lincoln
264683910	Mexican War	Zachary Taylor invades Northern Mexico , General Winfield Scott marches and captures Mexico City, Stephen Kennedy's conquest of New Mexico and California
264683911	Old Fuss and Feathers	Winfield Scott
264683912	"The Pathfinder"	John C. Freemont
264683913	Climax of Mexican War	with the battle of Mexico City and Mexican govt sues for peace
264683914	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million.
264683915	529,189 sq miles	how much does the US get in the Mexican War
266012893	Osceola	leader of the seminoles
266012894	54'40'	Northern boundary of Oregon territory jointly occupied with Britain, advocated by Democratic party and others as the desired line of American expansion.
266012895	Alexis de Tocqueville	Frenchman makes unflattering comments about Americans - backward but practical , good but not smart
266012896	Wilmont Proviso 1846	a bill proposed no slavery in territories acquired from Mexican War - designed to stop criticism that the war was to expand slavery
266012897	Election of 1848	Candidates: 1. Zachary Taylor-winner, honest, ignorant (whig) 2. Martin Van Buren (Free Soil Party- made slavery an issue) 3. Lewis Cass-father of popular sovereignty (Democrat). Zachary Taylor became president, died in office, making his vice president Millard Fillmore president
266012898	overseer	the person who manages slaves
266012899	the peculiar institution	institution of slavery
266012900	Paul Cuffie	starts a bakc to Africa movement
266012901	Liberia	country formed in 1846 for people to return to Africa
266012902	Frederick Douglass	famous black abolishionist, forms newspaper "the North Star"
266012903	Oberlin College	first college to teach women and African Americans
266012904	Nat Turner's Revolt	Uprising of slaves un Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner which resulted in the death of 55 white people.
266012905	California Gold Rush	1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country to San Francisco.
266012906	Compromise of 1850	California admitted as a free state, states to be determined by popular sovereignty, no slave trade, and a tougher fugitive act
266012907	popular sovereignty	people hold the final authority in all matters of government, Stephen A. Douglass
266012908	Nashville Convention	meeting of representatives of nine southern states in the summer of 1850 to monitor the negotiations over the Compromise of 1850; it called for extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean and a stronger Fugitive Slave Law. The convention accepted the Compromise but laid the groundwork for a southern confederacy in 1860-1861.