AP PSYCH Chapter 9: Memory Flashcards

432955430	Memory	the persistence of learning over time thru the storage and retrieval of information
432955431	flashbulb memory	a clear memory and emotionally significant moment or event
432955432	storage	The retention of encoded information over time
432955433	retrieval	the process of getting information out of memory storage
432955434	sensory memory	the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
432955435	short term memory	activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digit telephone number well dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
432955436	long-term memory	the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
432955437	working memory	a newer understanding short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
432955438	automatic processing	unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency
432955439	spacing effect	the tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term attention than is achieved through massed study or practice
432955440	serial position effect	our tendency to recall best the last and first item in a list
432955441	visual encoding	the encoding of picture images
432955442	acoustic encoding	the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
432955443	semantic encoding	the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
432955444	imagery	mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
432955445	Mnemonics	memory aids, especially those techniques that uses vivid imagery and organizational devices
432955446	Chunking	organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
432955447	iconic memory	a momentary sensory memory is visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of the second
432955448	Echoing memory	a momentary memory of auditory stimuli; attention elsewhere, sounds in words can still be recalled within three or 4 seconds
432955449	LTP (long-term potentiation)	cells that fire together wire together
432955450	amnesia	loss of memory