Chapter 4 - Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life Flashcards

Organic Chemistry, Carbon

153705924	hydrocarbon	an organic molecule consisting of only carbon & hydrogen
153705925	isotope	one of the several forms of an element each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons - differs in atomic mass
153705926	isomer	one of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures, and there different properties
153705927	functional group	a specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules & usually involved in chemical reactions
153707341	structural isomers	differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
153707342	geometric isomers	same covalent partnerships, but differ in spatial arrangements
153707343	enantiomers	isomers that mirror images of each other
153707344	hydroxyl group	polar; can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
153707345	carbonyl group	alcetone & aldehyde may be structural isomers; also found in sugars
153707346	carboxyl group	has acidic properties; carrboxyl ion
153707347	amino group	acts as base, can pick up H+; ionized 1+
153707348	sulfhydryl group	2 of this group can react, creating covalent bond; curliness of hair...
153707349	phosphate group	contributes negative charge to molecule; has potential to react with water, releasing energy
153707350	methyl group	affects expression of genes; arrangement in male & female sex hormones