Chapter 22 Progressives and Reformers Flashcards

44265203	partronage	practice of giving jobs to loyal supporters.
44265204	civil service	all federal jobs except elected positions and the armed forces
44265205	Gilded Age	period of time between 1870s and 1890s where reform was focused on political corruption.
44265206	James Garfield	became president in 1881 and believed jobs should be given based on merit rather than as a political reward.
44265207	Chester Arthur	was Garfield's Vice President and became President upon his death. Worked to reform the spoils system.
44265208	Grover Cleveland	President that signed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887.
44265209	Interstate Commerce Act	law forbade practices such as pools and rebates. It also set up the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the railroads.
44265210	Benjamin Harrison	became President in 1888 and signed the Sherman Antitrust Act.
44265211	Sherman Antitrust Act	act prohibited trusts or other businesses from limiting competition.
44265212	muckraker	journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s.
44265213	public interest	the good of the people
44265214	primary	election in which voters choose their party's candidate for the general election.
44265215	initiative	process by which voters can put a bill directly before the state legislature by collecting signatures on a petition.
44265216	referendum	process by which people vote directly on a bill.
44265217	recall	process by which voters can remove an elected offical from office.
44265218	graduated income tax	tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels.
44265219	William Tweed	during 1860s and 1870s cheated New York out of more than $100 million dollars. His corruptions was exposed by cartoonist Thomas Nast.
44265220	Ida Tarbell	muckraker that targeted the unfair practices of big business. She wrote articles about the Standard Oil Company demanding tighter controls on trusts.
44265221	Upton Sinclair	shocked nation when he published "The Jungle", which revealed gruesome details about the meatpacking industry in Chicago.
44265222	Progressives	reformers who wanted to improve American life in the late 1800s and 1900s
44265223	John Dewey	Progressive educator that wanted schools to promote reform. He encouraged students to think, ask questions, and work together to solve problems.
44265224	Robert La Follette	elected governor in 1900. He introduced a statewide program of progressive reforms called the Wisconsin Idea.
44265225	Wisconsin Idea	one thing this reform program did was lower railroad rates.
44265226	Sixteenth Amendment	this act gave Congress the power to impose an income tax.
44265227	trustbuster	person who wanted to end all trusts.
44265228	conservation	protection of natural resources.
44265229	national park	natural or historic area set aside and run by the federal government for people to visit.
44265230	Theodore Roosevelt	worked to break up trusts, conserve resources, and protect consumers.
44265231	Square Deal	Theodore Roosevelt's promise that all groups should have an equal opportunity to succeed.
44265232	Pure Food and Drug Act	passed in 1906, this act required ingredients to be listed on food and drug packages.
44265233	William Howard Taft	was popular until he passed a bill that raised most tarriffs. Broke up more trusts that T. Roosevelt, supported the graduated income tax, approved new safety regulations for mines, and signed laws for 8 hour work day for gov't employees.
44265234	Bull Moose Party	Roosevel and supporters were known as...
44265235	Woodrow Wilson	took office in 1913. Introduced his New Freedom program.
44265236	New Freedom	program introduced by Wilson which focused on breaking up trusts and lowering tariffs to create more competition from imports.
44265237	Federal Reserve Act	passed in 1913 by Congress to regulate banking.
44265238	Federal Trade Commission	created in 1914, it had the power to investigate companies and order them to stop using business practices that destroyed all competitors.
44265239	suffragist	person who campaigned for women's right to vote.
44265240	temperance movement	campaign against the sale of drinking of alcohol.
44265241	Carrie Chapman Catt	was a school principal, reporter, and later the head of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Created a detailed plan for fighting the war for suffrage.
44265242	Alice Paul	spoke to President Wilson regarding creating a constitutional amendment for women.
44265243	Nineteenth Amendment	guaranteed women the right to vote.
44265244	Florence Kelley	investigated conditions in sweatshops. Later became the first chief factory inspector for the state of Illinois.
44265245	Frances Willard	1874 became the leader of the Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).
44265246	Carry Nation	swinging a hatchet, she stormed saloons smashing beer kegs and liquor bottles. Radical crusader.
44265247	Eighteeth Amendment	1917 law made it illegal to sell alcoholic drinks anywhere in the united states.
44265248	barrio	neighborhood of Spanish speaking people
44265249	mutualista	Mexican American mutual aid group.
44265250	Ida B. Wells	African American journalist. Her newspaper "Free Speech" published shocking statistics about lynching.
44265251	Booker T. Washington	stressed living in harmony with whites and to work patiently and move upward slowly. Promoted learning trades.
44265252	W. E. B. Du Bois	disagreed with the theory that blacks could live in harmony with whites. Urged blacks to actively fight discrimination.
44265253	NAACP	association that worked to gain equal rights for African Americans.
44265254	George Washington Carver	discovered hundreds of new uses for peanuts. Wrote about crop rotation.
44265255	Society of American Indians	group of artists, writers, ministers, lawyers, and doctors that worked for social justice and tried to educate others about their way of life.
44265256	Gentlemen's Agreement	Agreement with Japan made in 1907 that curbed the number of workers coming to the United States.
44265257	Elkins Act	outlawed rebates.
44265258	Meat Inspection Act	passed in 1906 forced packers to open their doors to more inspectors.
44297703	Thomas Nast	famouse cartoonist that exposed corruptions.
44297704	Pendleton Act	created a Civil Service Commission to conduct exams for federal jobs.
45635656	urbanization	the growth of cities.
45635657	tenement	apartment with little sanitation or safety.
45635658	slum	a poor, overcrowded neighborhood.
45635659	social gospel	movement aimed at improving the lives of the poor.
45635660	Jane Addams	social reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago.
45635661	Hull House	settlement house that offered services to Chicago's poor.
45635662	political machine	organization that influences enough votes to control a local government.
45635663	Tammany Hall	famous New York City political machine.