AP Bio ch. 15 the chromosomal basis of inheritance Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 566829247 | chromosome theory of inheritance | mendelian genes have specific loci along chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment | |
| 566829248 | wild type | the phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations | |
| 566829249 | sex-linked genes | a gene located on either sex chromosome | |
| 566829250 | x-linked genes | genes on the human x chromosome | |
| 566829251 | duchenne muscular dystrophy | affects about one out of every 3500 males in the US. the disease is characterized by a progressive weakening of the muscles and the loss of coordination | |
| 566829252 | hemophilia | an x-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting | |
| 566829253 | barr body | the inactive x in each cell of a female that condenses into a compact object called ____ | |
| 566829254 | linked genes | genes located near each other on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses | |
| 566829255 | genetic recombination | the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent | |
| 566829256 | parental types | a offspring that is expected to inherit a phenotype that matches wither of the parental phenotypes | |
| 566829257 | recombinants | nonparental phenotypes found among offspring | |
| 566829258 | crossing over | a process that must occasionally break the physical connection between specific alleles of genes on the same chromosome | |
| 566829259 | genetic map | an ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome | |
| 566829260 | linkage map | a genetic map based on recombination frequencies | |
| 566829261 | map units | this is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency | |
| 566829262 | cytogenetic map | locate genes with respect to chromosomal features | |
| 566847644 | nondisjunction | members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis 1 or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis 2 | |
| 566847647 | aneuploidy | when a zygote has an abnormal number of chromosomes | |
| 566847649 | monosomic | fertilization involving a gamete that has no copy of a particular chromosome and will lead to a missing chromosome in the zygote | |
| 566847652 | trisomic | if a chromosome is present in triplicate in the zygote | |
| 566847654 | polyploidy | when some organisms have more tan two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells | |
| 566847656 | deletion | occurs when a chromosomal fragment is lost | |
| 566847658 | duplication | when an extra chromosomal fragment is attached to a sister chromatid | |
| 566847660 | inversion | when a chromosomal fragment may reattach to the original chromosome but in the reverse orientation | |
| 566847663 | translocation | when a chromosomal fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome | |
| 566847665 | down syndrome | an aneuploid condition; usually the result of an extra chromosome; characteristic facial features, short stature, correctable heart defects, and developmental delays | |
| 566847667 | genomic imprinting | traits that depend of which parent passed along the alleles for those traits |