AP Bio ch. 16 the molecular basis of inheritance Flashcards

566891918	DNA replication	the process by which a DNA molecule is copied, and how cells repair their DNA
566891919	bacteriophage	viruses that infect bacter; aka phages
566891920	double helix	the presence of two DNA strands
566891921	antiparallel	when DNA subunits run in opposite directions
566891922	semiconservative model	when a double helix replicates, each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand, from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand
566891923	origins of replication	when the replication of DNA begins
566891924	replication fork	a y-shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound
566891925	helicases	enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands
566891926	single strand binding proteins	bind to unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from re-pairing
566891927	topoisomerase	helps relieve strain from the untwisting of DNA by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
566891928	primer	the initial nucleotide chain that is produced during DNA synthesis that is a short stretch of RNA, not DNA
566891929	primase	the enzyme that synthesizes primer
566891930	leading strand	new complimentary strand of DNA that is being continuously made by pol 3
566891931	lagging strand	the DNA strand elongating in the 5'-->3' direction. pol 3 works away from replication fork
566891932	okazaki fragments	fragments that are being synthesized on the lagging strand
566891933	DNA ligase	connects okazaki fragments by joining the sugar-phosphate backbones of the fragments into a continuous DNA strand
566891934	mismatch pair	other enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors
566891935	nuclease	DNA cutting enzyme that cuts out incorrectly paired nucleotides
566891936	nucleotide excision repair	DNA repairing system involved in filling gap made by nuclease
566891937	telomeres	special nucleotide sequences that the end of DNA molecules. they are multiple repetitions of one short nucleotide sequence
566891938	telomerase	an enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomers in eukaryotic gem cell, thus restoring their original length and compensating for the shortening that occurs during DNA replication
566891939	chromatin	complex of DNA and protein
566891940	heterochromatin	type of interphase chromatin visible as irregular clumps with a light microscope
566891941	euchromatin	less compacted, more dispersed chromatin; aka true chomatin