Glencoe World History Chapter 22 Flashcards

520738285	Guang Xu	Young Chinese emperor who launched a massive 100 Days of Reform program-political, administrative, educational-based on Western models. He was imprisoned by his aunt and the reform efforts were halted
520738286	Empress Dowager Ci Xi	Guang Xu's aunt. Chinese empress; she was the power behind the throne for 47 years; overthrew emperor Guang Xu when he tried to make reforms. She opposed reforms in favor of Chinese traditions. She was a dominant force at court and imprisoned her nephew, the emperor.
520738287	John Hay	1899 US Secretary of State. Wrote a note to Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Italy and Japan asking each country to respect equal trading opportunities within their spheres of influence. Led to Open Door Policy in China.
520738288	Spheres of influence	Area in which a foreign power had been granted exclusive rights and privileges, such as rights and mining privileges
520738289	Open Door Policy	Reflected America's concern for the survival of China, and the interests of US trading companies that wanted open markets in China and disliked the spheres of influence that dominated the various states in China.
520738290	Sun Yat-sen	Leader of the revolutionary movement that overthrew the Qing dynasty and proposed a 3-step process toward democracy. He was driven out of China and returned after the collapse of the Qing dynasty but he never had the power base to pass his ideas. He is considered by many as the founder of modern China.
520738291	Henry Pu Yi	China's last emperor who was an infant when put into power; the Qing dynasty fell soon afterwards
520738292	General Yuan Shigai	Military leader who assumed control after the Revolution of 1911 and collapse of the Qing Dynasty; when appointed as president, he had promised to help create a democratic government, but he ruled as a dictator.
520738293	Commodore Matthew Perry	Was able to influence Japan into signing a treaty by his show of force; he arrived in 1853 with four warships and then returned six monts later with a bigger fleet. The treat allowed for improved trading to the West, the return of ship. His fleet pressured the Japanese into opening relations with the U.S.
520738295	Meiji	The Enlightened Rule also known as the Meiji Restoration
520738296	Edo	Major Japanese City - Called Tokyo today -- Japanese capital after Meiji Restoration
520738297	Ito Hirobumi	Japan's first prime minister during the Meiji government who headed a 20 year commission to study the Western governments
520738298	Port Arthur	A strategic naval base on the Chinese Liaondon Peninsula; Japan launched a surprise attack on this naval base.
520738299	Boxers	A Chinese secret organization that blamed the country's ills on foreigners, especially missionaries (called themselves the Society of Harmonious Fists)
520738300	Treaty of Nanjing	Where the Chinese agreed to open five costal ports to British trade, limit taxes on imported British goods, and pay for the costs of the war (ended the Opium War)
520738301	Prefectures	in the Japanese Meiji Restoration, a territory governed by its former daimyo lord
520738302	"self-strengthening"	A policy promoted by reformers toward the end of the Qing dynasty under which China would adopt Western technology while keeping its Confucian values and institutions
520738303	Opium War	a conflict between Britain and China to blockade Guang Xu, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China.
520738304	Tai Ping Rebellion	It called for major social reforms; caused by the failure of the Chinese government to address pressing economic problems
520742394	Extraterritoriality	Living in a section of a country set aside for foreigners but not subject to the host country's laws