AP Psychology Brain Flashcards
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| 463422466 | Brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions | |
| 463422467 | Midbrain | the middle division of brain responsible for hearing and sight; location where pain is registered; includes temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and most of the parietal lobe | |
| 463422468 | Medulla | lower or hindmost part of the brain, the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing | |
| 463422469 | Pons | a brain structure located at the top of the brain stem that is involved in respiration, movement, and sleep | |
| 463422470 | Reticular Formation | a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal | |
| 463422471 | Thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla | |
| 463422472 | Cerebellum | the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance | |
| 463422473 | Limbic System | neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. | |
| 463422474 | Amygdala | two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion | |
| 463422475 | Spinal Cord | cord of nerve tissue that conducts messages between the brain and the peripheral nerves | |
| 463422476 | Hypothalamus | a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion | |
| 463422477 | Hippocampus | a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage | |
| 463422478 | Pituitary Gland | the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands | |
| 463422479 | Corpus Callosum | the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them | |
| 463422480 | Cerebral Cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center | |
| 463422481 | Frontal Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments | |
| 463422482 | Parietal Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position | |
| 463422483 | Occipital Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field | |
| 463422484 | Temporal Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear | |
| 463422485 | Motor Cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements | |
| 463422486 | Sensory Cortex | the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations | |
| 463422487 | Association Areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking | |
| 475962298 | Acetylcholine | Enables muscle action, learning, and memory | |
| 475962299 | Dopamine | Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion | |
| 475962300 | Serotonin | Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal | |
| 475962301 | Norepinephrine | Helps control alertness and arousal | |
| 475962302 | GABA | A major inhibitory neurotransmitter | |
| 475962303 | Glutamate | A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory | |
| 475962304 | Agonist | Mimics neurotransmitter and excites the neuron Morphine | |
| 475962305 | Antagonist | Blocks neurotransmitter, inhibits the neuron from receiving neurotransmitters | |
| 475962306 | Sympathetic Nervous System | Arousing | |
| 475962307 | Parasympathetic | Calming | |
| 475962308 | Neural Networks | Work groups, clusters of neurons | |
| 475962309 | Adrenal Gland | Fight or Flight | |
| 475962310 | Fissures | Folds | |
| 475962311 | Aphasia | inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion | |
| 475962312 | Plasticity | The brain's ability to modify itself after some types of damage | |
| 475962313 | Neurogenesis | Formation of new neurons | |
| 475962314 | Dual Processing | Information is simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks | |
| 475962315 | Parallel Processing | simultaneous processing by two or more processing units | |
| 475962316 | Serial Processing | A type of cognitive processing in which only one item is handled at a given time, and one step must be completed before proceeding to the next step. | |
| 476015980 | Angular Gyrus | Transforms visual representations into an auditory code | |
| 476015981 | Wernicke's Area | Interprets auditory code | |
| 476015982 | Broca's Area | Controls speech muscles via the motor cortex |