Unit 2 APUSH Flashcards
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| 516084133 | Hessians | The German mercenaries hired by King George II | |
| 516084134 | Lexington and Concord | The two locations of the beginning of the American Revolution | |
| 516084135 | Virtual | This was the type of representation that Parliament said the colonists would get | |
| 516084136 | Townshend Acts | This series of taxes included the dreaded tax on tea | |
| 516084137 | Common Sense | Thomas Paine's pamphlet that supported declaring independence from England | |
| 516084138 | Tea Act | This act was designed to help ailing British East India Company | |
| 516084139 | Concord Hymn | Poem that contains the famous line "And fired the shot hears 'round the world'" | |
| 516084140 | actual | This was the type of representation that the colonists felt they deserved | |
| 516084141 | Quartering Act | This act required that the colonists pay for the food and lodging of the British troops | |
| 516084142 | Sons of Liberty | A radical Patriot group led by Samuel Adams | |
| 516084143 | Crispus Attacks | he was a fugitive slave killed at the Boston Massacre | |
| 516084144 | Declaratory Act | This act asserted the right of Parliament to pass acts (including taxes) on the colonists | |
| 516084145 | Olive Branch Petition | Drafted by the 2nd Continental Congress; last attempt to make peace with King George III | |
| 516084146 | Sugar Act | This act was designed to improve and enforce the Molasses Act | |
| 516084147 | Navigation Acts | During the French and Indian War, British officials noticed that the American colonists were not following these laws | |
| 516084148 | Loyalist | A tory; a colonist that did not support the Patriot cause | |
| 516084149 | Boston Tea Party | This was a protest by the Sons of Liberty that resulted in the Coercive Acts | |
| 516084150 | Intolerable Acts | This was the colonial nickname for the Coercive Acts | |
| 516084151 | Thomas Jefferson | The main author of the Declaration of Independence | |
| 516084152 | Stamp Act | This act taxed paper products in the colonies and helped finance the British troops stationed there | |
| 516084153 | Quebec Act | The purpose of this act was to keep the favor of French residents in British Canada | |
| 516084154 | Minute Men | Patriot defensive troops; could be ready quickly to defend if needed | |
| 516084155 | Bunkerhill | This battle showed the colonists that they had the ability to fight the British, they just lacked supplies | |
| 516084156 | Boston Massacre | This event was used by the Sons of Liberty to create inaccurate propaganda and gain support for the Patriot cause | |
| 516084157 | boycott | This method of protest used by the Patriots greatly hurt the British merchants | |
| 516084158 | Patrick Henry | He declared to a VA convention that he would rather die than live under British oppression | |
| 516084159 | patriot | a defender of American rights | |
| 516084160 | troops | The colonists were upset and insulted when King George III left these behind in the colonies after the French and Indian War | |
| 516084161 | Mary Wollstonecraft | Enlightened feminist that addressed issues in education and female inferiority | |
| 516084162 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | Treaty that ended the American Revolution | |
| 516084163 | The Great Compromise | The agreement that established a bicameral legislature with one house having equal representation and one house being determined by population | |
| 516084164 | Philadelphia Convention | This convention was called to amend the Articles of Confederation, but ended up writing the Constitution | |
| 516084165 | anti-federalists | Those that did not support The Constitution; feared that is gave the federal government too much power | |
| 516084166 | The Federalists Papers | A series of essays published to gain support for the Constituion | |
| 516084167 | Franco-American | Alliance created between the French and Americans during the American Revolution | |
| 516084168 | women | they were instrumental during the American Revolution in boycotting, creating homespun cloth, and travelling with the troops among other things | |
| 516084169 | Bill of Rights | Promised to the Anti-Federalists to get their support for the Constitution | |
| 516084170 | Virginia Plan | favored by large states; called for representation in Congress to be determined by population | |
| 516084171 | debt | unable or unwilling to increase taxes during the American Revolution, the US will borrow lots of money and come out of the war in this | |
| 516084172 | Baron Friedrich Vonsteuben | Prussian military officer that trained the Continental Army | |
| 516084173 | Benedict Arnold | Spy for the British; his name is synonymous with "traitor" in the US | |
| 516084174 | British | Going into the American Revolution, they had the advantages in wealth, population, and military experience | |
| 516084175 | Yorktown | Where Cornwallis surrendered to Washington | |
| 516084176 | Republican Virtue | The idea that Americans (especially leaders) work for the common good over self interest | |
| 516084177 | Homefront | What is happening to the civilians during the war | |
| 516084178 | ratify | to approve | |
| 516084179 | hessians | They were a disadvantage to the British, because they were not personally invested in the outcome of the American Revolution | |
| 516084180 | Battle of Saratoga | The turning point of the American Revolution | |
| 516084181 | Articles of Confederation | The first (and failed) government in the United States | |
| 516084182 | The Crisis | Authored by Thomas Paine to lift spirits during the difficult inter of 1777-1778 | |
| 516084183 | Battle of Trenton | American victory after Washington and his troops crossed the Delaware River Christmas Night | |
| 516084184 | Nathan Hale | American martyr that said, "I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country" | |
| 516084185 | Marquis de Lafayette | French military officer that trained the Continental Army | |
| 516084186 | New Jersey Plan | Favored by small states; called for representation in Congress to be equal from each state | |
| 516084187 | Three-Fifths | It was decided that slaves would count as this much of a person in determining population for taxation and representation purposes | |
| 516084188 | Valley Forge | Pennsylvania camp where the Continental Army spent the difficult winter of 1777-1778 | |
| 516084189 | James Madison | "Father of the Constitution" | |
| 516084190 | Shays Rebellion | This Massachusetts rebellion showed American leaders that people were unhappy and the Articles of Confederation were not working | |
| 516084191 | Republic | another term for representative democracy | |
| 516084192 | George Washington | the first president of the United States | |
| 516084193 | John Adams | The first vice president of the United States | |
| 516084194 | cabinet | The president's chief advisers | |
| 516084195 | Thomas Jefferson | The first Secretary of State | |
| 516084196 | Alexander Hamilton | The first Secretary of the Treasury | |
| 516084197 | Henry Knox | The first Secretary of War | |
| 516084198 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | Act passed by the first Congress; set up the courts system | |
| 516084199 | Supreme Court | The Judiciary Act established what as the final say on the meaning of the Constitution | |
| 516084200 | Bill of Rights | was promised to the Anti-Federalist and delivered by the first Congress | |
| 516084201 | Debt Assumption | Hamilton's plan to have the federal government deal with the nation's war debts | |
| 516084202 | capital | this was moved from NYC to DC in order to get southern support for the Debt Assumption Plan | |
| 516084203 | National Bank | Hamilton's plan to stabilize the nation's currency | |
| 516084204 | Loose | Hamilton's interpretation of the Constitution regarding the National Bank | |
| 516084205 | Strict | Jefferson's interpretation of the Constitution regarding the National Bank | |
| 516084206 | Taxes | Hamilton's plan to finance the nation's debt | |
| 516084207 | excise | term for sales tax | |
| 516084208 | Revenue Raising | Purpose for the tariffs of Alexander Hamilton | |
| 516084209 | Yeoman Republic | Jefferson's vision for the United States | |
| 516084210 | Neutral | The official stance taken by Washington/US regarding the war in Europe | |
| 516084211 | Whiskey Rebellion | event that showed that the federal government was strong under the Constitution | |
| 516084212 | Jay's Treaty | Failed attempt to avoid war with England under Washington | |
| 516084213 | Political Parties | were seen in early American history as dangerous to republican virtue | |
| 516084214 | Federalists | from the first party system; favored by northerners, merchants, and manufacturers | |
| 516084215 | Democratic-Republican | from the first party system; favored by southerners, farmers, and western settlers | |
| 516084216 | XYZ Affair | Frustrating event for Americans; involved an attempted bribe between three French officials and American ambassadors | |
| 516084217 | Quasi War | conflict between US and France that followed the XYZ Affair | |
| 516084218 | Alien Act | gave the president the power to deport non-citizens that he deemed dangerous | |
| 516084219 | Sedition Act | made it illegal to publish or speak criticisms of the President or Congress | |
| 516084220 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Passed by two states; voided that Sedition Act within their states for being unconstitutional | |
| 516084221 | Revolution | Because of the transfer of power from one party to another, Jefferson compared his election in 1800 to this | |
| 516084222 | Twelfth Amendment | changed the way the electoral college voted on vice president | |
| 516084223 | Treaty of Greenville | Set a precedent during Washington's presidency on how the US government would deal with Native Americans | |
| 516084224 | Cotton Gin | Invention by Eli Whitney that encouraged the spread of slavery in southern US | |
| 516084225 | Marbury vs. Madison | Supreme Court Case that established Judicial Review | |
| 516084226 | John Marshall | Chief Justice for the Marbury vs. Madison case | |
| 516084227 | Treaty of San Ildefonso | This treaty transferred the LA territory from Spain to France | |
| 516084228 | New Orleans | The US became interested in purchasing this when Napoleon restricted America to use it | |
| 516084229 | Haiti | A massive slave rebellion in this French territory helped encourage Napoleon to sell the LA territory | |
| 516084230 | Loose | Jefferson used this interpretation of the Constitution to purchase the LA territory | |
| 516084231 | Lewis and Clark | explorers hired by Jefferson to report on the LA Territory | |
| 516084232 | Essex Junto | Organization of New England states opposed to the purchase of the LA territory | |
| 516084233 | Aaron Burr | The man that killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel | |
| 516084234 | Embargo Act of 1807 | Jefferson's attempt to force England and France to recognize American neutral shipping rights | |
| 516084235 | Virginia Dynasty | the presidencies of Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe | |
| 516084236 | War Hawks | Congressmen that pressured Madison to declare war on England | |
| 516084237 | War of 1812 | war fought against England to defend American rights as an independent nation | |
| 516084238 | Dolley Madison | First Lady that saved the portrait of George Washington during the attack on DC | |
| 516084239 | Francis Scott Key | author of the Star Spangled Banner | |
| 516084240 | Hartford Convention | Federalist Convention held during the War of 1812; later made the party seem un-American | |
| 516084241 | Constitution | changes were proposed to this at the Hartford Convention | |
| 516084242 | Treaty of Ghent | Treaty that ended the War of 1812 | |
| 516084243 | Battle of New Orleans | American Victory fought after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent | |
| 516084244 | Second National Bank | created during Madison's presidency to stabilize currency | |
| 516084245 | Era of Good Feelings | The nickname for Monroe's terms as president | |
| 516084246 | McCulloch vs. Maryland | The supreme court case that dealt with a taxing issue and asserted the supremacy of the federal government over the state government | |
| 516084247 | John Quincy Adams | skillful negotiator; Secretary of State for Monroe | |
| 516084248 | Rush-Baggot Treaty | Negotiated by JQA; US and England agreed to reduce their naval vessels in the Great Lakes | |
| 516084249 | Adams-Onis Treaty | Negotiated by JQA; The US purchased FL and established a border on the western side of the LA purchase with Spain | |
| 516084250 | Monroe Doctrine | Written by JQA; asserted by President Monroe; stated that the Western Hemisphere was closed to new European Colonization | |
| 516084251 | Toll Road | Infrastructure improvement during the late 1700's-early 1800's; road with a fee for upkeep | |
| 516084252 | Canal | Infrastructure improvement during the late 1700's-early 1800's; inland, man-made waterway | |
| 516084253 | Common Man | Since landless men were increasingly voting in the US, politicians now had to appeal to this kind of American | |
| 516084254 | Women and African Americans | As the vote was extended to landless men on the state level, state constitution specifically kept ______ and _______ from voting | |
| 516084255 | Cult of Domesticity | The idea that a women's realm was the home and that she was to keep it virtuous | |
| 516084256 | Republican Motherhood | The idea that women were to raise good republican sons | |
| 516084257 | American History | This course was introduced in schools in the early 1800's to help promote patriotism | |
| 516084258 | Atlantic Slave Trade | Congress voted to end American involvement in this in 1808 | |
| 516084259 | American Colonization Society | Organization that wanted to end slavery in the US for economic reasons; also wanted to send freed slaves to Africa | |
| 516084260 | Solomon Northup | Example of what could easily happen to free African Americans in the US-- kidnapping and slavery | |
| 516084261 | Benjamin Bannekar | example of a successful African American in early American History; not common because of limitations placed on freed African Americans | |
| 516084262 | Sectionalism | devotion and loyalty to a region of region's interests | |
| 516084263 | Henry Clay | "The Great Compromiser" | |
| 516084264 | Missouri Compromise | The Compromise of 1820; established Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state | |
| 516084265 | Second Great Awakening | American religious movement; churches embracing "republican" ideas became more popular | |
| 516084266 | Church | Public venue where it was socially acceptable for women to get involved, because of the moral component |