APUSH Chapter 23 Vocab Flashcards

523031121	1. Ulysses S. Grant	President of the US former Northern general, waved "bloody shirt"
523031122	2. Horatio Seymour	Former New York Governer; ran for presidency as democrat. Lost
523031123	3. Jim Fisk	Variously as "Big Jim," "Diamond Jim," and "Jubilee Jim," he was an American stock broker and corporate executive.
523031124	4. Jay Gould	United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892)
523031125	5. Thomas Nast	Cartoonist that took down boss tweed
523031126	6. Horace Greeley	American newspaper editor, a founder of the Liberal Republican Party, a reformer, and a politician. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper from the 1840s to the 1870s and "established his reputation as the greatest editor of his day."
523031127	7. Jay Cooke	was an American financier who helped finance the Union war effort during the American Civil War and the postwar development of railroads in the northwestern United States
523031128	8. Roscoe Conkling	A politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party and the last person to refuse a U.S. Supreme Court appointment after he had already been confirmed by the U.S. Senate.
523031129	9. James G. Blaine	A U.S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine, two-time Secretary of State. He was nominated for president in 1884, but lost a close race to Democrat Grover Cleveland.
523031130	10. Rutherford B. Hayes	19th president of the United States, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history
523031131	11. Samuel Tilden	Hayes' opponent in the 1876 presidential race, he was the Democratic nominee who had gained fame for putting Boss Tweed behind bars. He collected 184 of the necessary 185 electoral votes.
523031132	12. James A. Garfield	20th President of the United States; assassinated by a frustrated office-seeker.
523031133	13. Chester A. Arthur	An American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. He was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th Vice President under James Garfield. While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19 of that year, at which time he was sworn in as president, serving until March 4, 1885.
523031134	14. Winfield S. Hancock	A career U.S. Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880. He served with distinction in the Army for four decades, including service in the Mexican-American War and as a Union general in the American Civil War, he was noted in particular for his personal leadership at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863.
523031135	15. Charles J. Guiteau	An American lawyer who assassinated U.S. President James A. Garfield on July 2, 1881. He was executed by hanging.
523031136	16. Grover Cleveland	22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, as Rep, fought corruption. As President, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes
523031137	17. Benjamin Harrison	The 23rd President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. A grandson of President William Henry Harrison, he was born in North Bend, Ohio, and moved to Indianapolis, Indiana at age 21, eventually becoming a prominent politician there. During the American Civil War, he served as a Brigadier General in the XX Corps of the Army of the Cumberland. After the war he unsuccessfully ran for the governorship of Indiana, and was later appointed to the U.S. Senate from that state.
523031138	18. Thomas Reed	A U.S. Representative from Maine, and Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1889-1891 and from 1895-1899. He was a powerful leader of the Republican Party, and during his tenure as Speaker of the House, he served with greater influence than any Speaker who came before, and he forever increased its power and influence for those who succeeded him in the position.
523031139	19. William Mckinley	The 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to that office. He was the last President of the 19th century and the first of 20th.
523031140	20. James B. Weaver	former Civil War general who ran for president with the Greenback Party (1880) and the Populist Party (1892).
523031141	21. Tom Watson	elected to the U.S Congress, became known as a champion of Georgia's farmers, and he sponsored and pushed through a law providing for RFD-rural free delivery
523031142	22. Adlai E. Stevenson	served as the 23rd Vice President of the United States. After being a Congressman from Illinois, he was appointed Assistant Postmaster General of the United States during Grover Cleveland's first administration (1885-1889)
523031143	23. William Jennings Bryan	was a leading American politician from the 1890s until his death. He was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States (1896, 1900 and 1908).
523031144	24. J.P. Morgan	Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"
523031145	25. soft/cheap money	is money donated to political parties in a way that leaves the contribution unregulated
523031146	26. hard/sound money	is from political donations that are regulated by law through the Federal Election Commission.
523031147	27. contraction	Grant and the Treasury began to stock gold so that one day people would be able to resume metal-money payments. restored government's credit rating.
523031148	28. resumption	required the government to continue to withdraw greenbacks from circulation and to redeem all paper currency in gold at face value beginning in 1879.
523031149	29. Gilded Age	Refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. The name refers to the process of gilding an object with a superficial layer of gold and is meant to make fun of ostentatious display while playing on the term "golden age."
523031150	30. Spoils system	A practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity.
523031151	31.crop-lien system	is a credit system that became widely used by farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1920s. Sharecropping
523031152	32. pork-barrel bills	A derogatory term referring to appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.
523031153	33. populism	An ideologyor a type of discourse of sociopolitical thought that compares "the people" against "the elite", and urges social and political system changes.
523031154	34. grandfather clause	A clause in the constitutions of some Southern states after 1890 intended to permit whites to vote while disfranchising blacks: it exempted from new literacy and property qualifications for voting those men entitled to vote before 1867 and their lineal descendants.
523031155	35. "Ohio Idea"	was an idea by poor Midwesterners during the US presidential election of 1868 to redeem federal war bonds in United States dollars, also known as greenbacks, rather than gold
523031156	36. the "bloody shirt"	An expression used as a vote getting stratagem by the Republicans during the election of 1876 to offset charges of corruption by blaming the Civil War on the Democrats.
523031157	37. Tweed Ring	An American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York City and State. At the height of his influence,he was the third-largest landowner in New York City, a director of the Erie Railway, the Tenth National Bank, and the New-York Printing Company, as well as proprietor of the Metropolitan Hotel.
523031158	38. Credit Mobilier	A joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad. It was involved in a scandal in 1872 in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes.
523031159	39. Whiskey Ring	During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
523031160	40. Liberal Republicans	Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts.
523031161	41. "crime of '73"	through the coinage act of 1873, the US ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard. this was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, particularly farmers and believed in the unlimited coinage of silver
523031162	42. Bland-Allison Act	was an 1878 act of Congress requiring the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. Though the bill was vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, the Congress overrode Hayes' veto on February 28, 1878 to enact the law.[1]
523031163	43. Greenback Labor party	as an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889. The party fielded Presidential tickets three times — in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away.
523031164	44. Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)	A fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War. It was among the first organized advocacy groups in American politics and was succeeded by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW).
523031165	45. Stalwart	Republicans in the 1870s who supported Ulysses Grant and Roscoe Conkling; they accepted machine politics and the spoils system and were challenged by other Republicans called Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform.
523031166	46. Half-Breed	political faction of the United States Republican Party that existed in the late 19th century. The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group, and they were the opponents of the Stalwarts. Led by James Blaine
523031167	47. Compromise of 1877	Also known as the Corrupt Bargain, refers to a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election and ended Congressional ("Radical") Reconstruction. Through it, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops that were propping up Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.
523031168	48. Pendleton Act	Federal legislation which created a system in which federal employees were chosen on the basis of competitive examinations, therefore making merit, or ability, the reason for hiring people to fill federal positions
523031169	49. Mugwumps	Republican political activists who bolted from the United States Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine.
523031170	50. "redeemers"	were the southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, the conservative, pro-business faction in the Democratic Party, who sought to oust the Republican coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers, and scalawags.
523031171	51. Plessy v. Ferguson	The Supreme Court case that upheld a Louisiana segregation law on the theory that as long as the accommodations between the racially segregated facilities were equal, the equal protection clause was not violated. The Court's ruling effectively established the constitutionality of racial segregation and the notion of "separate but equal."
523031172	52. Jim Crow	State and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans. In reality, this led to treatment and accommodations that were usually inferior to those provided for white Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages.
523031173	53. Chinese Exclusion Act	A United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur on May 8, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years. This law was repealed by the Magnuson Act on December 17, 1943.
523031174	54. U.S. VS. Wong Kim	Supreme Court ruled in favor of Chinese born Americans, felt that they could not strip them of citizenship because of 14th Amendment
523031175	55. "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion"	gaffe by James Blaine that cost him the election to Grover Cleveland.
523031176	56. Billion-Dollar Congress	A meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1889 to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.
523031177	57. People's Party (Populists)	Started as Farmer's Alliance, farmers came together and became organized, translated into Populists. Wanted to unite farmers of south/west/poor blacks and whites and industrial/factory workers
523031178	58. Sherman Silver Purchase Act	Enacted on July 14, 1890 as a United States federal law, it was named after its author, Senator John Sherman, an Ohio Republican, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. While not authorizing the free and unlimited coinage of silver that the Free Silver supporters wanted, it increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase every month. It had been passed in response to the growing complaints of farmers and mining interests.
523031179	59. Mckinley Tariff	raised tariffs to the highest level they had ever been. Big business favored these tariffs because they protected U.S. businesses from foreign competition.