science vocab Flashcards
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| 9061992 | absolute zero | the lowest possible temperature, about -273 degrees Celsius | |
| 9061993 | acid | a substance that forms hydronium ions in water; having a pH less than 7 | |
| 9061994 | acid rain | rain made acid by absorbing sulfur and nitrogen oxides from polluted air | |
| 9061995 | adrenalin | a hormone of the adrenal gland, secreted in times of emergency | |
| 9061996 | air mass | a large body of air characterized by certain values of temperature and humidity | |
| 9061997 | algae | simple, green organisms with cell walls, but without the complex structure of plants | |
| 9061998 | alkali | a strongly basic hydroxide | |
| 9061999 | alloy | a substance composed of two or more metals | |
| 9062000 | alternating current | an electric current that reverses direction periodically | |
| 9062001 | amino acid | organic chemicals with an acid group (-COOH) at one end and an amino group (-NH2) at the other; the constituent molecules of proteins | |
| 9062002 | anemia | substandard concentration of red blood cells | |
| 9062003 | antibody | a blood protein that protects the body from foreign chemicals or microorganisms | |
| 9062004 | aorta | the largest artery, carrying blood out of the left ventricle | |
| 9062005 | artery | a muscular-walled blood vessel that distributes blood to the body tissues | |
| 9062006 | atmosphere | the layer of air surrounding the earth | |
| 9062007 | atom | the smallest part of an element | |
| 9062008 | bacteria | the smallest and simplest one-celled organisms, having neither nucleus nor other organelles | |
| 9062009 | barometer | an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure | |
| 9062010 | bedrock | the solid rock underlying the loose material at the earth's surface | |
| 9062011 | boiling point | the temperature at which, at any given pressure, the liquid and gas phases of a substance are in equilibrium | |
| 9062012 | calorie | a quantity of heat energy, equal to 4.185 joules; the Large Calorie of the nutritionist is a kilocalorie, equal to 1000 calories | |
| 9062013 | capillary | 1) a thin tube into which water can rise by adhesion to the surface 2) a tiny blood vessel connecting an artery to a vein and providing interchange of materials between blood and tissue | |
| 9062014 | catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction | |
| 9062015 | chemical formula | conventional representation of the atomic composition of a compound | |
| 9062016 | chemical reaction | a process in which the molecules or ionic composition of one or more substances is altered | |
| 9062017 | colon | the large intestine | |
| 9062018 | concentration | the amount of a substance contained in a given volume of a solution or other mixture | |
| 9062019 | conductor | a material through which heat or electrical current may pass | |
| 9062020 | digestion | the process of enzymatic breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller, soluble ones | |
| 9062021 | dilute solution | a solution in which the solute has a low concentration | |
| 9062022 | DNA | deoxyribose nucleic acid, the substance of the genes | |
| 9062023 | ductless gland | an endocrine organ | |
| 9062024 | ecology | the study of the relationships between organisms and with their inorganic environment | |
| 9062025 | electric charge | the property of particles (such as electrons and protons) by which they exert forces on each other without respect to their mass | |
| 9062026 | electric current | a flow of electric charge, typically carried by electrons through a metal or by ions through a solution or a plasma | |
| 9062027 | electromagnetic waves | disturbances in electric and magnetic fields propagating through space | |
| 9062028 | electron | a particle found in all atoms, having a small mass and a single unit of negative electric charge | |
| 9062029 | electrostatic force | the force particles exert on each other because of their electric charge | |
| 9062030 | element | a substance consisting of only one species of atom, so that it cannot be decomposed by chemical means | |
| 9062031 | embryo | an organism in the earliest stages of its development | |
| 9062032 | endocrine organ | a gland that secretes hormones into the blood | |
| 9062033 | energy | a physical quantity having the dimension of work and measured in joules, whose total quantity remains constant through all interactions and transformations | |
| 9062034 | enzyme | a substance, usually a protein, produced by living cells and acting as a catalyst | |
| 9062035 | epicenter | the point on the earth's surface directly above the geological shift that causes an earthquake | |
| 9062036 | erosion | the movement of rock, sand, etc., due to natural forces | |
| 9062037 | esophagus | the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach; gullet | |
| 9062038 | evaporation | conversion of a liquid into the gaseous phase by escape of molecules from the surface | |
| 9062039 | evolution | the process by which species undergo drastic changes over long periods of time | |
| 9062040 | excretion | the disposal of metabolic wastes from the body, as by urination | |
| 9062041 | fault | a crack in the earth's crust, along which crustal movement takes place | |
| 9062042 | fermentation | an enzyme-controlled reaction that takes place in the absence of oxygen, such as the conversion of sugar to alcohol by the action of yeast | |
| 9062043 | fertilization | 1) the process of applying nutrients to the soil to stimulate plant growth 2) the union of a sperm and an egg cell to form a zygote | |
| 9062044 | fission | 1) reproduction of a one-celled organism by splitting into two equal parts 2) the splitting of an atomic nucleus into approximately equal parts, with the release of energy | |
| 9062045 | flood plain | the flat region around an old river, which becomes covered with water at times of high runoff | |
| 9062046 | food chain | an array of organisms in which each serves as food for the one above | |
| 9062047 | fossil | the preserved remains or casts of a long-extinct organism | |
| 9062048 | frequency | the number of cycles completed in a unit time in any cyclic phenomenon, such as a vibration | |
| 9062049 | front | the boundary between two air masses | |
| 9062050 | fusion | 1) the melting of a solid 2) a nuclear reaction in which two small nuclei combine to form a larger one, accompanied by the release of energy 3) the union of isogametes of one-celled organisms | |
| 9062051 | galaxy | an agglomeration of many millions of stars | |
| 9062052 | gamete | a sex cell, such as egg or sperm | |
| 9062053 | gas | a substance, usually of very low density, that has no surfaces of its own but will spread to fill its container | |
| 9062054 | gene | the particle that carries hereditary info from one generation to another and controls the production of proteins in a living cell | |
| 9062055 | genetics | the study of biological inheritance | |
| 9062056 | glacier | a large mass of ice moving down a valley or across a continent | |
| 9062057 | glucose | the simple sugar that forms the fundamental energy supply of all nucleated organisms | |
| 9062058 | gravity | the mass-dependent force by which any two objects in the universe attract each other | |
| 9062059 | greenhouse effect | the warming of the earth resulting from atmospheric gases trapping heat that reradiates from the earth's surface | |
| 9062060 | habitat | the part of an ecosystem that is occupied by a given organism | |
| 9062061 | heat | energy that passes from one system to another because of a difference in temperature | |
| 9062062 | helix | a spiral shaped like a spring, characteristics of the DNA molecule | |
| 9062063 | herbivore | an animal that eats plants only (what Hibari hates the most) | |
| 9062064 | hormone | a substance, secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland, that controls chemical processes in other parts of the body | |
| 9062065 | humidity | the amount of water vapor in the air | |
| 9062322 | igneous rock | rock formed by the hardening of liquid rock emerging from deep within the earth, either to the surface or within the crust | |
| 9062323 | inertia | the property of objects to remain in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force | |
| 9062324 | infrared rays | electromagnetic waves of wavelength longer than those of visible light, but shorter than microwaves | |
| 9062325 | insulator | a substance that blocks the passage of heat or electric current | |
| 9062326 | insulin | a hormone, produced in the pancreas, that controls the metabolism of glucose | |
| 9062327 | ion | an atom or group of atoms that has acquired either a positive charge or a negative charge by gaining/losing electrons | |
| 9062328 | isobar | a line on a weather map connecting points of equal barometric pressure | |
| 9062329 | isotope | a variety of an element distinguished by its atomic mass number, but having the same atomic number as all other isotopes of the element | |
| 9062330 | jet stream | a rapidly flowing mass of air high in the atmosphere | |
| 9062331 | Kelvin scale | the SI temperature scale, which has its zero at the absolute zero of temperature | |
| 9062332 | kinetic energy | the energy of an object as measured by its mass and velocity | |
| 9062333 | latent heat | the heat added or removed from a substance that produces a change of phase with no change in temperature | |
| 9062334 | latitude | the distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees | |
| 9062335 | light year | the distance light travels in a year | |
| 9062336 | liquid | a substance that takes the shape of its container, up to a definite upper surface | |
| 9062337 | liter | a unit of volume equal to 1000 cubic cm | |
| 9062338 | longitude | the distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees | |
| 9062339 | lunar eclipse | condition in which the earth comes between the sun and the moon so that the moon is in the earth's shadow | |
| 9062340 | magnet | a device made of a ferromagnetic material, such as steel, which can exert forces on other such materials | |
| 9062341 | magnetism | the excess force exerted on each other by charges in motion | |
| 9062342 | mass | the quantity of substance in an object measured either by its acceleration when a force is applied or by its gravitational attraction to other objects | |
| 9062343 | melting | the change of matter from solid to liquid | |
| 9062344 | melting point | the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance can exist in equilibrium | |
| 9062345 | mineral | an earth substance with specified chemical constitution | |
| 9062346 | molecule | a particle consisting of one or more atoms bound together, and comprising the smallest quantity of a non-ionic substance | |
| 9062347 | muscle | an organ that controls body functions by carrying electrochemical impulses | |
| 9062348 | natural selection | the tendency of individuals or species best adapted to a particular environment to leave larger numbers of offspring | |
| 9062349 | nerve | an organ that controls body functions by carrying electrochemical impulses | |
| 9062350 | neuron | a nerve cell | |
| 9062351 | neutron | a neutral particle that is part of the nuclei of atoms, with mass slightly larger than that of a proton | |
| 9062352 | nitrogen | a gaseous element that makes up 79 percent of the atmosphere | |
| 9062353 | nucleus | 1) the massive, charged center of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons 2) a structure in a cell, surrounded by a membrane and containing the chromosomes 3) a particle of dust in the atmosphere around which water condenses, forming a raindrop | |
| 9062354 | organic compound | a molecular chemical compound based on carbon | |
| 9062355 | osmosis | the diffusion of water through a membrane | |
| 9062356 | outcrop | the part of the bedrock protruding through overlying sediments | |
| 9062357 | ovary | in animals, an organ that produces egg cells; part of the stigma of a flower that contains the ovules | |
| 9062358 | thermometer | a device for measuring temperature | |
| 9062359 | toxin | a poisonous substance produced by bacteria | |
| 9062360 | vaccine | a material used to induce immunity to a specific disease | |
| 9062361 | vertebrae | the bones that are arrayed linearly to form the back-bone of vertebrates | |
| 9062362 | virus | a submicroscopic particle that can become self-reproducing inside a living cell | |
| 9062363 | volt | the unit of measure of electric potential difference, which provides the condition for the flow of an electric current | |
| 9062364 | weight | the gravitational force that the earth or other astronomical object exerts on an object near its surface | |
| 9062365 | X-ray | electromagnetic radiation of wavelength shorter than ultraviolet | |
| 9062366 | zygote | a cell formed by the fusion of two gametes |