Biology SAT prep Flashcards

430077787	semiconservative replication	method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand
430077788	B cells	a white blood cell that make antibodies
430077789	T cells	an immune system cell that coordinates the immune system and attacks many infected cells
430077790	macrophage	an immune-system cell that engulfs pathogens
430077791	promoter	A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
430077792	point mutation	gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
430077793	base-pair substitution	A point mutation; the replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary DNA strand by another pair of nucleotides.
430077794	insertion	A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
430077795	frameshift	A nucleotide is inserted or deleted, changing where the coding for entirely different amino acids.
430077796	aneuploidy	A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.
430077797	polypoidy	condition when an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
430077798	genome	the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism
430077799	recombinant DNA	genetically engineered DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different organisms
430077800	recognition sequences	specific sites on DNA that restriction enzymes cut
430077801	restriction fragments	DNA segment resulting from cutting of DNA by a restriction enzyme
430077802	polymerase chain reaction	A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase
430077803	ECOLOGY	...
430077804	clumped	describing a dispersion pattern in which individuals are aggregated in patches
430077805	random spacing	unpredictable, patternless dispersion (relatively rare in nature)
430077806	uniform	evenly spaced
430077807	biotic potential	the maximum reproductive rate of an organism, given unlimited resources and ideal environmental conditions
430077808	limiting factors	Conditions in the environment that put limits on where an organism can live
430077809	density-dependent factors	Limiting factors (such as competition, predation, parasitism, and disease) that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area
430077810	density-independent factors	Limiting factor that affects all populations in similiar ways, regardless of population size.
430077811	commensalism	the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it
430077812	parasitism	the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (usually not fatal damage)
430077813	aposematic coloration	conspicuous coloration or markings of an animal serving to warn off predators
430077814	Batesian mimicry	A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.
430077815	mullerian mimicry	evolution of two species, both of which are unpalatable and, have poisonous stingers or some other defense mechanism, to resemble each other
442391594	Human Physiology	...
442391595	Artery	a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
442391596	vein	a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart
442391597	cappilarie	Smallest blood vessel
442391598	Erythrocytes	red blood cells
442391599	Leukocytes	white blood cells, or WBC, form in the bone marrow and are part of the body's nonspecific defenses and the immune system
442391600	Thrombocytes	platelets, blood-clotting cell fragments
442391601	Thromboplasin	substance released by paltelets; reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin
442391602	Prothrombin	a protein in blood plasma that is the inactive precursor of thrombin
442391603	thrombin	an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot
442391604	Fibrinogen	a protein present in blood plasma
442391605	fibrin	a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots
442391606	SA node	a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
442391607	systolic	measurement of blood pressure taken when the heart is contracting and forcing blood into the arteries
442391608	diastolic	the blood pressure during that part of the heartbeat when the hearts venticles are relaxing
442391609	ductless	Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood because they are __________.
442391610	Tropic hormones	hormones that stimulate other glands to release their hormones
442391611	Pheremones	chemical signals released by organisms when they are ready to breed
442391612	urea	waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
442391613	uric acid	nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
442391614	ammonia	A small, very toxic molecule (NH3) produced by nitrogen fixation or as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism.