THINKING, LANGUAGE AND MEMORY Flashcards
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| 614216375 | Cognition | mental activities like thinking, memory remembering | |
| 614216376 | Prototype | Best example of a category. (Ford for a truck) (robin, not penguin for a bird) | |
| 614216377 | Insight | "A-ha!" moment | |
| 614216378 | Functional fixedness | Inability to see multiple uses of an object. (sock?) | |
| 614216379 | Whorf's linguistic relativity | Language affects how we think and vice versa. Since the Hopi tribe don't have past tense verbs, they don't think about the past. | |
| 614216380 | Two word stage (aka telegraphic speech) | Want milk. My baba. Go poopoo. | |
| 614216381 | Algorithm? | Methodical slow problem-solving method Computers use them. Always accurate, but slow. | |
| 614216382 | Heuristic | "short cut" to solving problems. Ex: unscramble "eqeun" Start by putting q and u together. | |
| 614216383 | Confirmation bias | We pay attention only to evidence that fits our view. | |
| 614216384 | Availability heuristic | Event more likely to happen if it's easy to imagine (like tornadoes) | |
| 614216385 | Representatives heuristic | It's more likely to be true if it fits our stereotype. We assume that it is likely that an Asian male is good at math. | |
| 614216386 | Phonemes | Smallest unit of sound in a language. "chug" has 3 phonemes. Ch, u, g | |
| 614216387 | Morpheme | Smallest unit of a word having meaning (ex.suffix) preheating has 3 morphemes. | |
| 614216388 | Grammar | System of rules - helps us communicate. | |
| 614216389 | Syntax | Deals with order of words. White House or House White? | |
| 614216390 | Chomsky's view on language development | We're hard wired to have language. (nature) We have an inborn language acquisition device. | |
| 614216391 | Babbling stage of language development | 3-10 months - babies speak in phonemes (ba ba) | |
| 614216392 | Belief perseverance | Sticking to one's belief even after been discredited. (Cowboys are better than the Vikings (even though Cowboys lost).) | |
| 614216393 | Divergent thinking | "out of box" thinking. | |
| 614216394 | Convergent thinking | Standard way of thinking. (sometimes the best) | |
| 614216395 | Belief perseverance | Clinging to your beliefs even after they have been discredited. Cowboys are the best even if they are 11 and 5. | |
| 614216396 | Recall | Ability to retrieve memories in which the persom must retrieve information earlier (Essay) | |
| 614216397 | Recognition | Measure of memory in which the person has to identify items previously learned | |
| 614216398 | Priming | Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. | |
| 614216399 | Mood- congruent memory | Tendency to recall experiences that are consisten with one's current mood | |
| 614216400 | Why do we forget? | Encoding failure, storage decay, interference | |
| 614216401 | Proactive interference | Old information gets mixed with the new (When 2nd period makes you forget 5th period) | |
| 614216402 | Retroactive interference | New information gets mixed with the old (When 7 period makes you forget 6th period) | |
| 614216403 | Elizabeth Loftus | Studied eyewitness testimony and believed that faulty questions could change memories (reconstructive memory) | |
| 614216404 | Misinformation effect | Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an even | |
| 614216405 | Skinner's view on language development? | We learn language via shaping. (nurture) Social learning theory of language. |