Cuprill - AP US History - Chp 1 American Pageant Flashcards

460765335	Corn or Maize	Staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations.
460765336	Portugal	First European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa.
460765337	Horse	Animal introduced by Europeans that changed Indian way of life on the Great Plains
460765338	Treaty of Tordesillas	Treaty that secured Spanish title to lands in Americas by dividing them with Portugal.
460765339	Mestizos	Person of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
460765340	St. Augustine	Founded in 1565, it's the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in US territory
460765341	Black Legend	Belief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas while doing nothing good
460765342	Roanoke Island, NC	Colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580's.
460765343	Joint-stock	Forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital for colonial ventures.
460765344	Charter	Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens.
460765345	Indentured Servants	Penniless people obligated to forced labor for a fixed number of years, often in exchange for passage to the New World.
460765346	Act of Toleration	Maryland statute of 1649 that granted religious freedom to all Christians, but not Jews and atheists.
460765347	Squatters	Poor farmers in North Carolina and elsewhere who occupied land and raised crops without gaining legal title to the soil
460765348	House of Burgesses	First representative government in New World.
460765349	Ferdinand and Isabella	Financiers and beneficiaries of Columbus's voyages of discovery.
460765350	Cortes	Conqueror of the Aztecs.
460765351	Pizarro	Conqueror of the Incas.
460765352	Dias and DaGama	Portuguese navigators who led early voyages of discovery.
460765353	Columbus	Italian-born explorer who believed he arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on an unknown continent.
460765354	Montezuma	Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors
460765355	Elizabeth I	Unmarried English ruler who led England to national glory.
460765356	Hiawatha	Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederation
460765357	John Cabot	Italian-born explorer sent by the English to explore the coast of North America in 1498
460765358	Georgia	Founded as a refuge for debtors by philanthropists.
460765359	North Carolina	Colony that was called "a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit".
460765360	Smith and Rolfe	leaders who rescued Jamestown from the "starving time".
460765361	Maryland	Founded as a haven for Roman Catholics.
460765362	Lord Baltimore	Catholic aristocrat who sought to build a sanctuary for his fellow believers.
460765363	South Carolina	Colony that turned to disease-resistant African-American slaves for labor in its extensive rice plantations.
460765364	Raleigh and Gilbert	Elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found New World colonies.
460765365	Jamestown	Riverbank site where Virginia Company settlers planted the first permanent English colony.
460765366	Cause: The Great Ice Age	Effect: Exposure of a "land bridge" between Asia and North America.
460765367	Cause: Cultivation of Maize (corn)	Effect: Formation of large, sophisticated civilizations in Mexico and South America
460765368	Cause: New sailing technology and desire for spices	Effect: European voyages around Africa and across the Atlantic attempting to reach Asia.
460765369	Cause: Portugal's creation of sugar plantations on Atlantic coastal islands	Effect: Rapid expansion of the African slave trade
460765370	Cause: Columbus's first encounter with the New World	Effect: A global exchange of animals, plants, and diseases.
460765371	Cause: Native Americans' lack of immunity to various diseases	Effect: Decline of 90% in the New World Indian population
460765372	Cause: Spanish conquest of larger quantities of New World gold and silver	Effect: Rapid expansion of global economic commerce and manufacturing.
460765373	Cause: Aztec legends of a returning god, Quetzalcoatl	Effect: Cortes' relatively easy conquest of the Aztecs.
460765374	Cause: Spanish need to protect Mexico against French and English encroachment	Effect: Establishment of Spanish settlements in Florida and New Mexico
460765375	Cause: Franciscan friars' desire to convert Pacific coast Indians to Catholicism	Effect: Formation of a chain of mission settlements in California.
460765376	Cause: The English victory over the Spanish Armada	Effect: Enabled England to gain control of the North Atlantic sea-lanes.
460765377	Cause: The English law of primogeniture	Effect: Led many younger sons of the gentry to seek their fortunes in exploration and colonization.
460765378	Cause: The enclosing of English pastures and crop land	Effect: Forced numerous laborers off the land and sent them looking for opportunities elsewhere.
460765379	Cause: Lord DeLa Warr's use of brutal "Irish tactics" in Virginia	Effect: led to the two Anglo-Powhatan wars that virtually exterminated Virginia's Indian population.
460765380	Cause: The English government's persecution of Roman Catholics	Effect: Led Lord Baltimore to establish Maryland.
460765381	Cause: The slave codes of England's Barbados colony	Effect: Became the legal basis for slavery in North America.
460765382	Cause: The introduction of tobacco	Effect: created the economic foundation for most of England's southern colonies.
460765383	Cause: The flight of poor farmers and religious dissenters from planter run Virginia	Effect: Led to the founding of independent minded North Carolina.
460765384	Cause: John Smith's stern leadership in Virginia	Effect: Whipped gold-hungry, nonworking colonists into line.
460765385	Cause: Gorgia's unhealthy climate, restrictions on slavery, and vulnerability to Spanish attacks	Effect: Kept the buffer colony poor and largely unpopulated for a long time.