Biology_Lipids, Membranes, and Compartments (5) Flashcards

Concepts and vocab; intro to Biology (college course) review from topics in Biology: How Life Works, Chapter 5

466688099	Cytoplasm	entire inside of cell (except nucleus)
466688100	Cytosol	inside of cell but outside organelles
466688101	Cytoskeleton	network of protein scaffolding that serves as a cell's internal framework
466688102	Mitochondria	Harness energy/ produce ATP ("energy currency of cell")
466688103	Plasma membrane	outer layer made up of phospholipids, proteins; regulates things coming in and out of cell
466688104	Endoplasmic reticulum	involved in synthesizing proteins ands lipids
466688105	Lysosomes	break down macromolecules
466688106	Golgi apparatus	modifies/sorts proteins to final destination in or out of cell
466688107	Cell wall	plant cell's rigid barrier; made of polysaccharides
466688108	Vacuoles	filled with water; contribute to rigidity in plant structure (keeps turgor pressure)
466688109	Organelles	membrane-bound specialized compartments in a cell
466688110	Vesicles	small membrane-bound sacs that transport things (by budding and fusing)
466688111	Endomembrane system	membranes in cell; nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes
466856786	Location of protein synthesis	in cytoplasm and ER
466856787	Endocytosis	vesicles buds off plasma membrane bringing outside material into cell
466856788	Exocytosis	vesicles fuse with plasma membrane to empty contents outside cell or to membrane
466856789	Nuclear envelope	two layer (inner/outer) lipid membrane around nucleus
466856790	Nuclear pores	protein openings on nucleus
466856791	lumen	inside of ER
466856792	Rough ER	proteins synthesized on ribosomes dotting the ER
466856793	Smooth ER	lacks ribosomes but is the main place to make lipids
466938240	amphipathic	molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
466938241	cholesterol	amphipathic lipid that is a major component of animal cell membranes