Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing Flashcards

564792014	psychological test	A standardized measure of a sample of a person's behavior.
564792015	intelligence tests	Measure general mental ability.
564792016	aptitude tests	Assess specific types of mental abilities.
564792017	achievement tests	Gauge a person's mastery and knowledge of various subjects.
564792018	personality tests	Measure various aspects of personality, including motives, interests, values, and attitudes.
564792019	standardization	Refers to the uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test.
564792020	test norms	Provide information about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test.
564792021	percentile score	Indicates the percentage of people who score at or below the score one has obtained.
564792022	reliability	Refers to the measurement consistency of a test (or of other kinds of measurement techniques).
564792023	test-retest reliability	Estimated by comparing subjects' scores on two administrations of a test.
564792024	correlation coefficient	A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables.
564792025	validity	Refers to the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure.
564792026	content validity	Refers to the degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it's supposed to cover.
564792027	criterion-related validity	Estimated by correlating subjects' scores on a test with their scores on an independent criterion (another measure) of the trait assessed by the test.
564792028	construct validity	The extent to which evidence shows that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct.
564792029	mental age	In intelligence testing, a score that indicates that a child displays the mental ability typical of a child of that chronological (actual) age.
564792030	intelligence quotient (IQ)	A child's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
564792031	normal distribution	A symmetric, bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics are dispersed in the population.
564792032	deviation IQ scores	Scores that locate subjects precisely within the normal distribution, using the standard deviation as the unit of measurement.
564792033	mental retardation	Refers to subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills, originating before age 18.
564792034	down syndrome	A condition marked by distinctive physical characteristics (such as slanted eyes, stubby limbs, and thin hair) that is associated with mild to severe retardation.
564792035	phenylketonuria	A metabolic disorder (due to an inherited enzyme deficiency) that can lead to retardation if it is not caught and treated in infancy.
564792036	hydrocephaly	An excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull destroys brain tissue and causes retardation.
564792037	testing perspective	Perspective that emphasizes measuring the amount of intelligence people have and figuring out why some have more than others.
564792038	cognitive perspective	Perspective that focuses on how people use their intelligence.The interest is in process rather than amount.
564792039	triarchic theory of human intelligence	Theory that consists of three parts: the contextual, experiential, and componential subtheories.
564792040	analytical intelligence	Involves abstract reasoning, evaluation, and judgment.
564792041	creative intelligence	Involves the ability to generate new ideas and to be inventive in dealing with novel problems.
564792042	practical intelligence	Involves the ability to deal effectively with the kinds of problems that people encounter in everyday life, such as on the job or at home.
564792043	logical-mathematical intelligence	Sensitivity to, and capacity to discern, logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of reasoning.
564792044	linguistic intelligence	Sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sensitivity to the different functions of language.
564792045	musical intelligence	Abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness.
564792046	spatial intelligence	Capacities to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformations on one's initial perceptions.
564792047	bodily-kinesthetic intelligence	Abilities to control one's body movements and to handle objects skillfully.
564792048	interpersonal intelligence	Capacities to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people.
564792049	intrapersonal intelligence	Access to one's own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behavior; knowledge of one's own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences.
564792050	naturalist intelligence	Abilities to recognize and categorize objects and processes in nature.
564792051	emotional intelligence	Consists of the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion.
564792052	creativity	Involves the generation of ideas that are original, novel, and useful.
564792053	convergent thinking	In ________________ one tries to narrow down a list of alternatives to converge on a single correct answer.
564792054	divergent thinking	In ________________ one tries to expand the range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions.
564792055	reification	Occurs when a hypothetical, abstract concept is given a name and then treated as thought it were a concrete, tangible object.
564792056	heritability ratio	An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance.
564792057	reaction range	Genetically determined limits on IQ or other traits.