Chapter 35 Immune System and Disease Flashcards

399468586	Infectious diseases	disease caused by a microorganism that disrupts normal body functions
399468587	germ theory of disease	idea that infectious diseases are casued by microorganisms
399468588	What can infectious diseases be caused by?	viruses , bacteria , fungi , "protists" , and parasites
399468589	Koch's Postulates	set of guidlines developed by Koch thathelps identify the mircroorganism that causes a specific disease
399468590	Virus	nonliving , replicate by inserting their genetic material into a host cell and taking over many of the host cell's functions. Diseases caused common cold , influenza, chickenpox, and warts
399468591	Bacteria	Break down the tissues of an infected organism for food , or realease toxins that interfere with normal activity in the host. Caused cy strptoccus infetion , diptheria , botulism, and anthrax
399468592	fungi	cause infections on the surface of the skin , mouth ,throat , fingernails, and toenails ; dangerous infections may spreas to lungs or other orgnaisms. Caused ringworm and thrush.
399468593	"protists"	Single-celled eukaryotes may infect people through contaimated water and insect bites; they take nutrients from their hosts; most inflic damage to cells and tissues, Diseased caused malaria , african sleeping sickness, and intestinal diseases.
399468594	parastic worms	Most parasites that infect humans are wormlike; may enter through the mouth, nose, anus, or skin; most reside in the intestinal tract where they absorb nutrients from the host. Disease caused trichinsis , schistosomiasis , hookworm, elephantiasis
399468595	How do diseases spread?	through coughing , sneexing , physical contact, infeced animals , or body fluids. Also by contaminated food and water.
399468596	zoonosis	any diseas that can be transmitted from animals to humans
399468597	vectors	transport the pathogen but usually do not get sick themselves
399468598	inflammatory response	causes an infected areas to become red and painful, or inflamed
399468599	What are some nonspecific defences include?	skin, tears, and other secretions,the inflammatory response , interferons, and fever
399468600	histamines	increase the flow of blood and fluids to the affected area
399468601	interferons	one of a group of proteins that helps cells resist viral infections
399468602	fever	increased body temperature that occurs in responses to infection
399468603	immune response	the body's specific recognition, response, and memory to a pathogen attack
399468604	antigen	any foreign substance that can stimulate an immune response
399468605	antibodies	protein that either attacks antagens directly or produces antigen-binding proteins
399468606	hummoral immunity	immunity against antigens in body fluids, such as a blood and a lymph
399468607	plasma cells	produce and release antibodies that are carried through the blood stream
399468608	memory b cells	react quickly if the same pathagon enters the body--- recognize a particulare antigen remain alive
399468609	cell-mediated immunity	immune response that defends the body ahainst viruses, fungi , and abnormal cancer cells inside living things
399468610	vaccination	injection of a weakened form of a pathogen , or a similar or less dangerous pathogen, to proice immunity
399468611	active immunity	vaccination stimulates the immune system with an antigen. The immune system produces memory B cells and memory T cells that quicken and strengthen the body's response to repeated infection.
399468612	passive immunity	antibodies produce against a pathogen by other individuals or animals can be used to produce temporary immunity
399468613	What do public health measures help?	prevent dieses by monitoring and regulating food and water supplies, promotiong vaccination, and promoting behaviors that avoid infection.
399468614	What do antibiotics do so and antiviral medications?	Can kill bacteria and can slow down viral activity
399468615	What are two major reasons for the emergence of new diseases?	ongoing merging of human and animal habitats and the increases in the ecotic animal trade