AP U.S. History Final Terms (Chapters 1-21) Flashcards
America Past and Present, revised 7th Edition.
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| 628556302 | Policies regarding Native Americans (1860-80) | - reservations - Native Americans depended on US (for food, clothes, etc) - assimilation (Christianity, English, school, men farm, etc) - civilize them - make them white | |
| 628556304 | Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine | - Latin American countries need to stabilize policies and finances - if they continued to be bad, US would have to intervene - US is the superior and civilized nation - Monroe --> tells Europe to stay out of US stuff | |
| 628556306 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | - no discrimination on color, race, religion, sex, or national origin - applied to public accommodations and employment - government could withhold funds from public agencies that discriminated | |
| 628556307 | Alexander Hamilton | Founded the Federalist Party | |
| 628556308 | Thomas Jefferson | Supported laissez-faire federal policy and state's rights | |
| 628556309 | Alexander Hamilton | Favored active government to raise tariffs and support manufacturing | |
| 628556310 | Thomas Jefferson | Supported the French in foreign policy despite the "Rein of Terror" | |
| 628556311 | Alexander Hamilton | Was shocked by the anarchy of the Rein of Terror. Supported the United States' primary trade partner- Britain. | |
| 628556312 | Alexander Hamilton | Washington's Secretary of the Treasury | |
| 628556313 | Thomas Jefferson | Washington's Secretary of State | |
| 628556314 | Alexander Hamilton | Argued that it was "Necessary and Proper" for the federal government to establish a National Bank | |
| 628556315 | Thomas Jefferson | Opposed strengthening the federal government through the "elastic" or "necessary & proper" clause | |
| 628556316 | Thomas Jefferson | James Madison joined this Party. | |
| 628556317 | Big Stick Policy | American military power is used to intervene in the internal affairs of smaller Latin American nations. This policy improved US national security by guaranteeing that there would not be any large, hostile, European power close to the USA. It also allowed US merchants to trade directly with Latin American nations. | |
| 628556318 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | Warned Europeans to stay out of Latin American and the Western Hemisphere | |
| 628556319 | Roosevelt Corollary (1903) | Theodore's personal reading or interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine. Justified America's use of force in Latin America. Declared that the US would act as an "international ____________________ power." Often used to collect debts. | |
| 628556320 | Panama | Once part of Colombia. President Theodore Roosevelt supported Philippe Bunau-Varilla's revolution to help this nation break away from Colombian to allow US control of the Canal Zone. The canal made it much easier to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans | |
| 628556321 | Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines | Territories that became American colonies in the Spanish-American War. The US became and imperial world power! | |
| 628556322 | Boxer Rebellion | Chinese nationalists who rose up to drive all foreigners out of China. The US, Japan, and European powers cooperated to end the Rebellion. | |
| 628556323 | Open Door Policy | Protected China from being carved into colonies. Allowed US merchants access to trade in the huge Chinese market. | |
| 628556324 | Spheres of Influence | China was already carved into these areas and almost cut into colonies. Powers controlled all trade in the areas and the US was afraid of being shut out of the market. | |
| 628556325 | Queen Liliuokalani | Overthrown by US fruit planters with the support of the US Marines. Her nation provided a convenient coal station and "rest stop" for US ships headed for China. | |
| 628556326 | Seward's Folly | People made fun of President Grant's Secretary of State for arranging the purchase of Alaska. Alaska was bought in 1867. It seemed like a waste of money to many taxpayers. The mineral resources (gold, oil) discovered later, however, proved very valuable. | |
| 628556327 | Good Neighbor Policy (1933) | Officially ended the Big Stick Policy. President FD Roosevelt announced in his inaugural address that the US would no longer use the military to interfere in the internal affairs of Latin American nations. FDR was continuing a policy begun by Hoover. This policy was designed to win friends close at home while aggressive dictators were strengthening in Europe and Asia. | |
| 628556328 | Great White Fleet | Alfred T. Mahan recommend developing a large modern, steel, steam powered fleet of ships like these. President Roosevelt sent this around the world to impress other nations with US military power. | |
| 628556329 | Jose Marti | Cuban nationalist. Wanted Cuba to win independence from Spain | |
| 628556330 | Reconcentration | Spanish policy of forcibly relocating Cuban villagers. The goal was to round up Cuban rebels who were fighting to win independence from Spain. Thousands of Cuban civilians were killed. American newspapers- yellow journals- covered the abuse of Spanish civilians. Many Americans began to feel sad for Cuba and angry at Spain. | |
| 628556331 | J. Pulitzer & W.R. Hearst | Published "yellow journal" newspapers that exaggerated news in Cuba. They exaggerated news to make it interesting so people would buy their newspapers. | |
| 628556332 | SS Maine | Angered many Americans who believed that it was sunk by Spain. | |
| 628556333 | Teller Amendment | Announced the "official reason" for fighting the Spanish-American War was to help Cuba win independence from Spain. | |
| 628556334 | Rough Riders | Calvary unit organized by Teddy Roosevelt. Eastern college preps and Western cowboys. Saw action at San Juan Hill. | |
| 628556335 | Manila | Opening battle of the war. In the Philippines. Admiral George Dewey won a stunning victory! | |
| 628556336 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino nationalist. Fought first against Spain and then against the US for independence. | |
| 628556337 | San Juan Hill | Decisive American victory. Resulted in the capture of Cuba. Rough Riders and 10th Calvary (former Buffalo Soldiers). | |
| 628556338 | William Mckinley | American President during Spanish-American war. Is later assassinated (1901) in Buffalo, NY. | |
| 628556339 | Platt Amendment | Made Cuba a protectorate of the US. US acquired Guantanamo base and control over Cuba. | |
| 628556340 | William Jennings Bryan | Nominated by Populist and Democratic Parties for President in 1896. Supported "silver coinage" to create inflation so farmers would be able to pay off their debts. Delivered the famous speech: You shall not press down a crown off thorns upon the brow of labor, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of Gold! (Cross of Gold Speech). | |
| 628556341 | Wabash Case (1886) | Declared that states could regulate railroads to prevent railroads from abusing farmers. | |
| 628556342 | Munn v. Illinois (1877) | The Supreme Court reversed its earlier decision. Declared that state governments could not regulate to railroads because railroads were interstate businesses. Only the federal government has the right to control commerce (trade) between states. | |
| 628556343 | Interstate Commerce Act (1887) | This law created the first "alphabet agency" (the ___ ___ ___). This agency was the "railroad police." It outlawed rebates (giving preferred customers special discounts) and long-haul short-haul rate discrepancies (charging more when you had no competition in rural areas and less when you had to compete for business in urban areas). | |
| 628556344 | Pendleton Act (1887) | Required people to take the "Civil Service" exam to show they were qualified to become civil servants (government employees). The law was designed to end patronage and fight political corruption. | |
| 628556345 | Sherman Act (1890) | This law technically outlawed monopolies and other "conspiracies in restraint of trade." It was not properly enforced until Teddy Roosevelt became President. It was also misused to break up strikes during much of the 1890s. | |
| 628556346 | Henry Bessemer | Created a system to cheaply manufacture steel. Steel production increased dramatically! | |
| 628556347 | Andrew Carnegie | Developed a "Vertical" monopoly by buying out all steps of production. He bought Iron Ore mines, coal mines, his own ships and trains, and his own steel factories | |
| 628556348 | American Federation of Labor | "Craft Union" Its main leader was Samuel Gompers. Focused on "Bread & Butter" issues not "Broad Social Reform." Only allowed skilled workers, white males. Worked to increase wages and reduce hours. | |
| 628556349 | Pullman Strike (1894) | Eugene Deb's American Railway Union went on strike. President Cleveland intervened to break up the strike to "deliver the mail" Strikers were refusing to operate trains with "Palace Sleeping Cars" made by the _________ Company outside Chicago. | |
| 628556350 | Homestead Strike (1992) | At one of Carnegie's factories outside of Pittsburgh. Pinkerton security guards and strikers clashed. | |
| 628556351 | Thomas Edison | Nicknamed the "Wizard of Menlo Park." He invented the phonograph, light bulb, motion pictures. Over 1,000 patents. | |
| 628556352 | Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone in 1876 | |
| 628556353 | Knights of Labor | Allowed both skilled and unskilled workers, women, and African Americans to join. Terrence Powderly organized and expanded this Union. Union focused on Broad Social Goals like redistributing wealth, abolishing child labor, etc. | |
| 628556354 | John D. Rockefeller | Was able to drive Cleveland, Ohio competitions out of business in 1872 because he benefited from secret railroad rebates. Organized a "Horizontal" monopoly. He was able to take over the oil drillers, oil transporters, and others connected with the oil business by controlling oil refining. | |
| 628556355 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Legalized the development of "De Jure" segregation laws in the South (Jim Crow). "Separate" facilities were declared legal as long as the were of "equal" quality. This case was eventually overturned by Brown v. Board of education (1954) | |
| 628556356 | Exclusion Act (1882) | Nativist Law. Labor unions tended to support these kinds of laws because they wanted to reduce the supply of workers and keep wages high. This law kept all immigrants form China out of the US. | |
| 628556357 | Haymarket Riot (1886) | The Knights of Labor declined rapidly afterwards because the were blamed for the violence associated with this event. | |
| 628556358 | Buffalo | Important animal to the Plains Indians. Used for food, shelter. Hunted to near extinction. Their loss was devastating. | |
| 628556359 | Little Bighorn (1876) | Custer's "last stand." Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, Sioux object to reservation policies | |
| 628556360 | Sand Creek Massacre (1862) | Arapaho and Cheyenne moved out of the way of miners in Colorado | |
| 628556361 | Wounded Knee (1890) | Terrible ending to the "Indians Wars" | |
| 628556362 | Pacific Railroad Act (1863) | Federal government provided free land (land grants) to motivate construction of the first trans-continental railroad built largely by Chinese and Irish immigrant laborers | |
| 628556363 | Dawes Severalty Act | Forced assimilation policy. Designed to "Americanize" Indians. Designed to help but was harmful because it broke up tribal traditions. | |
| 628556364 | Homestead Act (1962) | Provided free 160 acre farms to Americans willing to live on the Great Plains (at least 1/3 quit and returned back East). | |
| 628556365 | 15th Amendment | African American male suffrage | |
| 628556366 | 14th Amendment | Civil Rights amendment. No state may deprive its citizens of life, liberty or property.... Equal protection from discrimination | |
| 628556367 | 13th Amendment | Slavery abolished throughout the United States | |
| 628556368 | Tenure in Office Act (1867) | Passed by Radical Republicans to impeach Andrew Johnson. Said the President could not fire cabinet members without the "advice and consent" or permission of the US Senate. Protected Secretary of State Edwin Stanton | |
| 628556369 | Thaddeus Stevens | 40 acres and a mule! Leader of the Radical Republicans. Argued that Confederates needed to be punished and that slaves should be provided with land, tools, etc. | |
| 628556370 | Election 1866 | Congressional election. Radical Republicans take charge! | |
| 628556371 | Reconstruction Acts | Union troops sent back into the South to force Southerners to abolish Black Codes and allow freedmen more freedom | |
| 628556372 | Freedmen's Bureau | Provided freed slaves with assistance after the Civil War | |
| 628556373 | Black Codes | Discriminated against the freed slaves. Prevented them from carrying weapons, meeting in large groups, etc. | |
| 628556374 | Sharecropping | Many freed slaves remained in farming. They agreed to provide landowners with part of their crops for rent. The arrangement was often exploitive. Many freed slaves remained chronically in debt to white land owners. | |
| 628556375 | Election of 1876 | Disputed. Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes was award the presidency after agreeing to withdraw remaining federal troops from the South. This marked the official ending of Reconstruction. | |
| 628556376 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Legalized De Jure or "Jim Crow" segregation laws in the South. "Separate but Equal" doctrine established. | |
| 628556377 | Antietam (1862) | Deadliest day in US military history. Accepted as a Union victory. Preliminary Emancipation was issued to celebrate this "victory." The formal Emancipation Proclamation would be issued Jan. 1, 1863. | |
| 628556378 | Border States | The Emancipation Proclamation, however, freed only slaves in states that continued to rebel against the federal government. Four slave states remained and fought for the Union. Lincoln was very careful to develop strategies to keep the states from leaving the Union. | |
| 628556379 | Fort Sumter | Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Opening shots of the Civil War. | |
| 628556380 | Bull Run/Manassas | First major battle of the Civil War. Stonewall Jackson earns a reputation. | |
| 628556381 | Upper South Secedes | Lincoln requested 40,000 troops to end the rebellion in South Carolina. These states left the Union after being forced to decide whether to support Lincoln or attack the South. | |
| 628556382 | New York City | Major draft riots. | |
| 628556383 | Sherman's March | Total devastation and intentional destruction of civilian targets. Georgia burned from Atlanta to Savannah. The intent was to break the will of the South to continue the war. Very brutal. | |
| 628556384 | Appomattox (1865) | Lee surrendered to Grant to end the war | |
| 628556385 | Population & Resources | Why the North won. They had more than the South | |
| 628556386 | Battle Vicksburg | Major Union victory. The South is divided in two. | |
| 628556387 | Battle of Gettysburg | Turning Point battle. Lee looses troops he can not replace. The second and last major Southern offensive or attempt to invade the North | |
| 628556388 | Habeas Corpus | Lincoln ordered pro-Confederate citizens arrested and jailed in Maryland. | |
| 628556389 | Tariff of Abominations (1828) | Very high tariff. Southerners felt they were being taxed just to support northern factories | |
| 628556390 | Territorial Expansion (1840s) | A major issue. The debate over slavery & abolitionism grew stronger as people debated whether or not to expand slavery | |
| 628556391 | Missouri Compromise (1820) | Established the 36-30 line | |
| 628556392 | Gold Rush (1849) | Resulted in the rapid increase in the population of California. 49ers. Most of the people who actually got rich during this were merchants- not miners. California quickly applied to enter the Union as a state after its population increased. | |
| 628556393 | Wilmot Proviso | Would have abolished slavery from all lands in the Mexican Cession won during the Mexican War | |
| 628556394 | Popular Sovereignty | Said territorial residents, not Congress, should vote to decide whether or not to allow slavery | |
| 628556395 | Missouri Compromise (1820) | It was important to maintain an equal number of slave states and free states represented in the US Senate. Main entered as a Free State and Missouri entered as a Slave State. | |
| 628556396 | Dred Scott Decision (1857) | Ruled that slavery must be legal in all federal territories. African Americans were also declared "non-citizens" | |
| 628556397 | Harper's Ferry (1859) | Crazy, violent abolitionist John Brown attacked a federal arsenal. He hoped to capture guns to distribute to slaves and to start a slave uprising. His plot failed but did much to anger Southerners who began to fear that the North might produce other martyrs like Brown. | |
| 628556398 | South Carolina Nullification Crisis (1832) | South Carolina asserted "State's Rights" by arguing that states did not have to obey federal laws | |
| 628556399 | Free Soil Party (1848) | First political party founded to stop the expansion of slavery into the territories. | |
| 628556400 | Compromise of 1850 | Admitted California as a Free State. This made Northerners happy. Southerners accepted this because the North also agreed to shut down Harriet Tubman's Underground Railroad. Other agreements included stopping slave auctions in Washington, DC and opening the remainder of the Mexican Cession to slavery by way of popular sovereignty | |
| 628556401 | Fugitive Slave Act (1850) | Most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850. Northerners eventually decided they would not comply with the law because they felt it was immoral. Northern noncompliance angered Southerners a great deal. | |
| 628556402 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Described the evils of slavery and an evil Vermont fugitive slave hunter named Simon Legree. Convinced many northerners slavery was evil. | |
| 628556403 | Election of 1860 | Republican Abe Lincoln is elected. The South secedes (SC is the first state). Southerners feel they have lost control of national politics. They worry the North will dominate all laws if the North can elect the President without permission of the South | |
| 628556404 | Personal Liberty Laws | Northern laws passed to block enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act. | |
| 628556405 | Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | Angered northerners because it repealed the Missouri Compromise's 36-30 line by allowing slavery to expand into the northern area of the Louisiana Territory by way of popular sovereignty. | |
| 628556406 | Bleeding Kansas (1855) | The only attempt to use popular sovereignty. It failed. Missouri "border ruffians" illegally voted so abolitionist residents rejected the decision to allow slavery into the territory. It resulted in a "mini Civil War" between pro and anti slavery forces. | |
| 628556407 | Northerners | Favored higher tariffs to protect factories in their region | |
| 628556408 | Northerners | Began to support the abolitionist movement more and more by the 1850s | |
| 628556409 | Southerners | Created strict Slave Codes to prevent slave rebellions after Nat Turners Revolt. | |
| 628556410 | Southerners | Rural and plantation oriented. Increasingly dependent on producing cotton | |
| 628556411 | Northerners | 90% of manufacturing (aprox. 1860) | |
| 628556412 | Southerners | Disliked high tariffs because they increased the price of manufactured goods like tools. | |
| 628556413 | Northerners | Grew increasingly concerned about expanding federal powers | |
| 628556414 | Southerners | Angered by the Tariff of Abominations | |
| 628556415 | Southerners | John Deere's steel plow opened farmland in this area (it could plow through thick prairie sod) | |
| 628556416 | Northerners | Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper (a harvester) also revolutionized wheat farming in this region | |
| 628556417 | Southerners | Democrats: the "Solid _________" until 1968 | |
| 628556418 | Northerners | Republican Region (although urban immigrants were often attracted to Democratic Party) | |
| 628556419 | Original 13 States | Basically the same area as the original 13 colonies | |
| 628556420 | Mexican Cession (1848) | Acquired by the US during the Mexican War | |
| 628556421 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) | Ended the Mexican War | |
| 628556422 | Henry David Thoreau | He opposed the Mexican War because he felt it was a fight to win land to expand slavery | |
| 628556423 | Spot Resolutions | Illinois Congressman Abe Lincoln's protest against the Mexican War. Whig Party members like Lincoln question whether or not Mexicans had "Shed American blood on American soil." | |
| 628556424 | Oregon (1846) | Polk and the Democrats once shouted "54-40 or Fight!" to win this territory | |
| 628556425 | Oregon (1846) | Jointly occupied until the US and Great Britain signed a treaty to divide the land along the 49th Parallel. | |
| 628556426 | Texas (1845) | Annexation of this land area was delayed by northerners (for 9 years) who did not want to add slave territory to the nation | |
| 628556427 | Louisiana Purchase (1803) | Purchased by Jefferson to obtain permanent control over the port of New Orleans and Mississippi River shipping | |
| 628556428 | Gadsden Purchase (1852) | Purchased to obtain land suitable for construction of a transcontinental railroad from New Orleans to Los Angeles | |
| 628556429 | Original United States | Acquired in the Treaty of Paris of 1783 | |
| 628556430 | Seneca Falls Convention (1848) | Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. (First Women's Rights Convention in US History) | |
| 628556431 | Susan B. Anthony | Involved in helping women obtain the right to vote. Some name the 19th Amendment, passed in 1919, after her. | |
| 628556432 | Corrupt Bargain of 1824 | Jackson won the popular vote but lost the election to JQ Adams who made Henry Clay his Secretary of State. | |
| 628556433 | Sojourner Truth | Published the abolitionist newspaper the North Star | |
| 628556434 | William Lloyd Garrison | A pacifist. Considered a radical abolitionist because he demanded immediate abolition. Published The Liberator | |
| 628556435 | Worcester v. Georgia (1832) | John Marshall has made his decision, not let him enforce it! Should have prevented the "Trail of Tears" | |
| 628556436 | Indian Removal Act (1830) | Jackson signed and enforced. Resulting in moving American Indians to Oklahoma. | |
| 628556437 | Universal Manhood Suffrage | Said you no longer needed to own property to vote (as long as you were white and male) | |
| 628556438 | Horace Mann | Massachusetts' first Secretary of Education. Supported free public schools. Argued that democracy is only as good as the citizens are wise and educated. | |
| 628556439 | Neal Dow & the Maine Laws | Early prohibition reformers and reforms. "Temperance" movement. | |
| 628556440 | Pet Bank Policy | Jackson "killed" the Second National Bank by withdrawing federal deposits and placing funds in state banks. | |
| 628556441 | American System | Strengthened federal power. Proposed by Henry Clay. Included: raising tariffs to protect NE factories; using funds from the tariffs to build "internal improvements" to connect the West to the East; creating a Second National Bank. | |
| 628556442 | Spoils System | Patronage. Jackson replaced federal workers with people who supported his Democratic Party. | |
| 628556443 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | US "warns" Europeans to stay out of Latin America. The Western Hemisphere is "closed" to European colonization. | |
| 628556444 | Impressment | The British navy angered the US by forcing naturalized American citizens to serve in the British Navy | |
| 628556445 | Isolationism | Policy of staying out of foreign conflicts and avoiding commitments to help other nations. | |
| 628556446 | Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) | Washington angered France by not helping the French government fight the British after the French Revolution. | |
| 628556447 | Franco-American Alliance (1777) | Formed after the Battle of Saratoga during the War for Independence. The US and France promised to help each other whenever either nation was at war with Great Britain. | |
| 628556448 | War Hawks | Extreme, militaristic Democratic-Republicans. Many were from the West. They wanted to fight England to stop impressments. They also wanted to capture Canada and to drive the British out of North America. | |
| 628556449 | French Revolution (1789-1799) | The King and royal family were killed during this event's "Rein of Terror." The radical "Jacobins" who took over France eventually declared war against England. | |
| 628556450 | Jay's Treaty (1794) | Prevented war between the US and Great Britain. British troops were withdrawn from occupation of the NW Territories. | |
| 628556451 | Pinckney's Treaty (1795) | Spain agreed to open the Mississippi River to US ships | |
| 628556452 | Washington's Farewell Address (1798) | Established "isolationist" policy of the early US. Warned against forming "permanent entangling alliances." | |
| 628556453 | XYZ Affair (1798) | "Millions for defense not one cent for tribute!" High Federalists (extreme, militaristic members of John Adams' party) threatened to go to war rather than pay bribes to French diplomats. | |
| 628556454 | Congress Declares War (1812) | Ended the "undeclared" naval war between the US and France. | |
| 628556455 | Continental System (1807) | French policy to attack US ships traveling to England | |
| 628556456 | Orders in Council (1806) | British policy to attack US ships traveling to France | |
| 628556457 | Chesapeake Incident (1807) | American warship attacked by British off the coast of Virginia. British hoping "press" US sailors into the royal navy | |
| 628556458 | Embargo Act (1808) | Called the "_am_bargo" in New England. Hated because it ruined the merchant shipping business. Jefferson, however, supported this policy because he hoped it would prevent future attacks on US ships. | |
| 628556459 | Battle of New Orleans (1815) | Andrew Jackson become a national hero for his leadership | |
| 628556460 | Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) | Tecumseh and his "Red Stick Confederacy" is wiped out. | |
| 628556461 | Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) | US purchased Florida from Spain | |
| 628556462 | Treaty of Ghent | Ended the War of 1812. Neither the US not the British won any land. Essentially a cease-fire, stalemate. | |
| 628556463 | Battle of New Orleans (1815) | Americans pride and Nationalism (patriotic love of one's nation) increased because this battle made people feel like they had defeated the British. | |
| 628556464 | Whiskey Rebellion(1794) | The first test of the new Constitution. Western Pennsylvania farmer's protested federal Washington quickly ended the disturbance- it was important for Washington to act quickly and forcibly establish federal power. | |
| 628556465 | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-1799) | Based on the theory of "state's rights." Passed to protest the Alien & Sedition Acts. | |
| 628556466 | Eli Whitley (1793-1798) | Invented the cotton gin | |
| 628556467 | The Alien & Sedition Acts(1798) | Made it a crime to criticize the government. | |
| 628556468 | The Revolution of 1800 | Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, was elected. John Adams, a Federalist, was defeated. The two leaders peacefully transferred control of the national government. | |
| 628556469 | Marbury v. Madison (1803) | First time the Supreme Court ever declared a law to be unconstitutional (Judicial Review) | |
| 628556470 | Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-1806) | Explored newly purchased land from France. Sacajawea joined the group | |
| 628556471 | Robert Fulton (1807) | Invented the steam-powered boat | |
| 628556472 | Lowell Mills (1816) | Hired mostly women & children. Early New England textile factory. | |
| 628556473 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Supreme Court ruling which agreed with Hamilton's argument that it was "necessary & proper" for the federal government to establish the National Bank. | |
| 628556474 | Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | "Steamboat Case" Supreme Court ruled that only the federal government could regulate interstate trade. | |
| 628556475 | Erie Canal completed (1825) | Open an efficient water route between Buffalo and Albany, linking New York City to Great Lake region. | |
| 628556476 | Thomas Jefferson | Founded the Democratic Party |