APES Ch. 1 -5 ( test 1) Flashcards
Mr. Smith's APES at RHS.
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| 468725030 | What is Biotic? | All living matter | |
| 468725031 | What is Abiotic? Examples? | All non-living matter, rocks, wind, sunlight.... | |
| 468725032 | What is Enivorment? Examples? | the sum of our surroundings Human interactions Social Institutions and Business | |
| 468725033 | What is the difference between Enviromental Science and Enviromental studies/systems? | Enivormental Science is based on facts and science v. Enivormental Studies which is based on opininions. | |
| 468725034 | What is Interdisciplinary? | A balance of how humans impact the enviroment, and how in turn, the enviroment effects us. | |
| 468725035 | What are Natural Resources? | Those things essential for human survival and growth | |
| 468725036 | What are Renewable Resources? Examples? | Resources that can be replenished those things that can be replenished or are always present. Ex. Sunlight, Timber, Water | |
| 468725037 | What are Non Renweable Resources? Examples? | Resources that either cannot be replenished or take a very long time to renew. Ex. Oil, Coal, Minerals. | |
| 468725038 | What is the Tragedy of the Commons? | Unregulated use of resources leads to resource depletion. | |
| 468725039 | What are some examples of civilizations that have fallen due to enviromental decline? | Easter Island, Greenland Norse, Anasazi of North America, Mayan, Modern Russia | |
| 468725040 | What is an Enviromental Disaster? Examples? | Subjective based upon societal veiws and opinions. DDT,MSMA, Toxic Dumping | |
| 468725041 | What do we use Science for? | To sort fact from fiction | |
| 468725042 | What is Science? | A systematic process of checks and balances that uses a wide body of knowledge to explain the world around us. | |
| 468725043 | What is the Scientific Process? | The scientific method is part of a larger process. | |
| 468725044 | What are Manipulative Experiments? | Experiments performed in "lab" settings Yield the mot results, but aren't always indicative of what happens in the real world. | |
| 468725045 | What are Natural Experiments? | Experiments performed in the field Great design for what happens in nature, but results are not always very pretty. | |
| 468725046 | What is a theory? | a widely accepted explanation. | |
| 468725047 | What is a paradigm shift? | when theories change in the predominant view (major shift). | |
| 468725048 | What is the greatest barrier to science? | The assumption of Knowledge | |
| 468725049 | What are examples of Paradigm shifts? | The agricultural revolution The industrial revolution | |
| 468725050 | What is the Agricultural Revoluton? | Began 10,000 years ago People stop hunter-gathering and start moving to an arigcultural way of life. | |
| 468725051 | What came out of the Agricultural Revolution? or Examples? | Crops, Domesticated animals, and villages start during this period. | |
| 468725052 | What is the Industrial Revolution? | Began in the mid 1700's People start moving from a traditonal agricultural way of life and move to urban areas. | |
| 468725053 | What came out of the Industrial Revolution? or Examples? | Mass production, fossil fuels, and cities are born from this era. Also get pollution, pessticides, and fertilizers. | |
| 468725054 | What is biggest problem and stewards to the enviroment? | Humans | |
| 468725055 | Do we have a higher rate of population growth or resource consumption? | Resource consumption | |
| 468725056 | Who is Thomas Malthus? | British economist who wrote a paper stating that unless population growth is controlled with laws, people will outgrow food supply until starvation, war, and famine returns it to balance. | |
| 468725057 | Who is Paul Ehrlich? | American Biologist who's 1968 book - The Population Bomb, predicted that the world's population explosion would lead to disaster by the end of the 20th century. | |
| 468725058 | What is an Ecological Footprint? | The impact a person or population makes on the enviroment. Takes in consideration the amount of productive land it takes to support your resource addiction. | |
| 468725059 | Since the agricultural revolution we have seen a rise of....... | pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, land erosion, and pollution. | |
| 468725060 | What a is a direct result of these problems? | a shift in food prodution leading to fat americans. Ex. Rice, Wheat | |
| 468725061 | What is Pollution in? | water, soil, air, pollution has taken control of our planet. very few places on our planet are pollution free. | |
| 468725062 | What is Biodiversity? | a mass extinction period where we are losing species of critter every day ( caused by human actions). | |
| 468725063 | What is Extirpation? Examples? | Whenever an animal is gone from one area but not the world. Ex. Buffalo, wolves, red fox, black bear. | |
| 468725064 | What do Cornucopians believe? | that the current status of the enviroment is getting better due to human intervention. Humans can fix anything. | |
| 468725065 | What do Cassandras believe? | that we have reached a point of no return and predict disaster. | |
| 468725066 | What is Sustainability? Example? | having no net loss of resources and leaving the planet the way we found it. Ex. cut trees- plant trees. we must use resources in a way that doesn't compromise future availiability. | |
| 468725067 | What is the Triple Bottom line? | Our solutoins must meet environmental, economic, and social goals at the same time. | |
| 468725068 | What is the most important to the government? Least Important? | Economics- Most Enviromental- Least | |
| 468725069 | What makes the world go round? | Money | |
| 468725070 | What is Economics? | the study of how people use resources to provide goods and services. ( study of human behavior) | |
| 468725071 | What are goods? | Resources that are produced/ manufactured and ultimately bought by consumers. ( tangible) | |
| 468725072 | What are services? | Work done for others, usually a business. Ex. Taxi Driver | |
| 468725073 | What is Subsistence economy? | Oldest form of economy where people produce their daily needs themselves. No trade, no batering. | |
| 468725074 | What is Capitalist Market economy? | Buyers and sellers directly decide what goods and services are produced and everything associated with those goods and services. | |
| 468725075 | what is Centrally planned economics? | Government decides all aspect of goods and services production. Also decide how to allocate resources. Also known as socialism. | |
| 468725076 | What is Mixed economies? | A hybrid system of capitalist and socialist markets where the people are free to decide how to use resources under government constraints. Govt will have 5 main roles. | |
| 468725077 | What are the 5 main roles the Govt has in mixed economies? | Eliminate unfair advantages by monoplies (anti-trust laws) Provide social services for the people. ( ex. defense, health care, education) Intervene for natural disasters, including social disasters Manage the commons Mitigate pollution | |
| 468725078 | Who is Adam Smith? | The Father of Economic Theory | |
| 468725079 | Who said " when everyone works towards their own self interests, the whole society is benefited, marketplace guided by an invisible hand"? | Adam Smith | |
| 468725080 | What is Neoclassical economics? | Takes into consideration the psychological factors involved in a marketplace. Buyers want the lowest prices. Sellers want the highest prices which gives birth to Supply and Demand. | |
| 468725081 | What is the Cost benefit Analysis? | what is used to determine should an action be pursued. | |
| 468725082 | What 4 main assumptions guid Cost Benefit Analysis? | 1. Resources as infinite and/ or sustainable 2. Cost and benefits are internal 3. Long term growth in negligible and doesn't matter 4. Growth is good | |
| 468725083 | What kind of economy is the US an example of? | Mixed Market Economy | |
| 468725084 | What is Affluenza? | Material goods failing to bring thier owner contentment | |
| 468725085 | What is Gross Domestic Product ( GDP)? | Traditionally the yardstick of how an economy is doing. It represents the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced in a given year. | |
| 468725086 | What is Genuine Progress Indicator ( GPI)? | A new indicator in which economists include a " Happiness" scale into an economies growth . | |
| 468725087 | What do Ecological economists believe? | that in the long run, countries do not overcome their enviromental limitations. We run out of space and resources, and unltimately ruin our surroundings. | |
| 468725088 | What is Ecosystem services? Examples? | Those functions of life that makes our economy possible. Ex. Forests, Crops, Recreation | |
| 468725089 | What is Contigent Valuation? | A way to account for these externalities is to see how much people are willing to pay to protect resources. | |
| 468725090 | What are the 7 values in Contigent Valuation? | 1. Existence 2. Use/ Recreation 3. Option 4.Aesthetic 5.Scientific 6.Educational 7. Cultural | |
| 468725091 | What is Ecolabeling? | Marketing Strategy where companies tell consumers about their environmentally friendly products, or processes. | |
| 468725092 | What is Green Taxes? | Govt. imposes taxes on companies that don't meet sustainable practices. | |
| 468725093 | What is Corporate Culture? Examples? | Companies moving towards sustainability because of public demand. Ex. IKEA, Starbucks, Patagonia, Wal-mart, Target. | |
| 468725094 | What two things go hand and hand? | Economics and Enviroment | |
| 468779571 | What shapes your views and values? | Culture: the knowledge, beliefs, values, and education shared by a group of individuals. Personal Experiences: what has happened to you. | |
| 468779572 | What shapes your decisions? | Worldview: a person, or groups, beliefs about the surrounding world Values: the ideas, things, or experiences you hold to be important. | |
| 468779573 | What Shapes your worldview? | Religion: one of many factors, largest globally Area you live in, Landscape: your environment impacts the way you live ex. North v. South US Economics: The world revovles around money Politics: Your personal ideologies. | |
| 468779574 | What are Vested Interests? | Decisions made by someone that has personal gain/loss involved with the outcome. Ex. USDA agricultural decisions shaped by the Monsanto corporation | |
| 468779575 | What is Ethics? | Branch of philosophy that deals with what is right and wrong, good and evil. | |
| 468779576 | What do Relativists believe? | that ethics do and should very with social context | |
| 468779577 | What do Universalists believe? | that notions of right and wrong hold across cultures and situations. | |
| 468779578 | What is Ethical Standards? | what helps shape what is right and wrong. | |
| 468779579 | What are the 3 approaches the have shaped ethics? | Value , Categorical Imperative, Utility | |
| 468779580 | What is Value? | the personal achievement of moral excellence in character through reasoning and moderation. | |
| 468779581 | What is Catergorical Imperative? | Basically the golden rule. Treat others as you would have yourself treated. | |
| 468779582 | What is Utility? | Something is right when it benefits the most people. | |
| 468779583 | What is Environmental Ethics? | the application of ethical standards to nonhuman entities. | |
| 468779584 | What is Anthropocentrism? | A human centered view of our relationship with the enviroment. No other entities have rights. Focused on oneself. | |
| 468779585 | What is Biocentrism? | Certian living things have rights. Actions must consider living and nonliving things. | |
| 468779586 | What is Ecocentrism? | The whole ecological systems has rights. Values the well being of the entire system. | |
| 468779587 | The industrial revolution caused a lot of philosophers to.... | reevaluate the ethical concern of nature | |
| 468779588 | Who were 3 transcendentalist ? | Ralph Emerson David Thoreau Walt Whitman | |
| 468779589 | What is the Perservation Ethic? Example? | led by John Muir, a thought thar we should protect the enviroment in an untouched, unaltered state. Ex. Yellow stone national park. | |
| 468779590 | What is Conservation ethic? Example? | Led by former forester Gifford Pinchot, supposes that we should manage our resources in a wise and responsible manner. Ex. Lake Ray Roberts | |
| 468779591 | What is Land Ethic? | ( Majority of our enviromental ethics today). Aldo Leopold stated humans should have a responsible and balanced view of nature. | |
| 468834619 | What is Deep Ecology? | 1970's movement that says that we are inseperable from nature and thus should protect our enviroment as we would protect ourselves. | |
| 468834620 | What is Ecofeminism? | 1970's movement the status that the world's view towards male dominated society is the reason for social and environmental problems. | |
| 468834621 | What is Enviromental Justice? Example? | The fair and equitable treatment of all people with regard to enviromental decisions, policies, and treatment. Ex. Urban work/living area, native american mining. | |
| 468834622 | What is Ecoterrorism? Examples? | An act of terrorim against individuals or companies by individuals or organizations to protest the use or abuse of resources in the enviroment. Ex. PETA, Whale Wars ( destroying property). | |
| 468834623 | What doubles every 30 years? | Population - 6.85 billion people. | |
| 468834624 | What is Rule of 70? | You can roughly estimate the amount of time for anything to double by dividing 70 by the growth/percentage rate. ( Be able to do on test) | |
| 468834625 | What are the reasons of Population explosion? | 1. historic need for farm labor 2. better sanitation 3. new technology 4. better agricultural production 5. Better medical car | |
| 468834626 | What is Demography? | the study of statistical change in human population | |
| 468834627 | What is Population size? | Total number of people | |
| 468834628 | What is Population Density? | total number of people in a given area. | |
| 468834629 | What is Age Structure Pyraminds? | Visual graphics to show trends in countries population. Know how to read. | |
| 468834630 | What is Population Growth main factors? | Birth Rates: How many babies born Death Rate: How many people kicked the bucket Immigration: How many people moved into the country Emigration: How many people moved out of the country | |
| 468834631 | What is Total Fertility Rate? | Average number of children born per female during her lifetime. | |
| 468834632 | What is Natural rate of population? | Change due to birth rate/ death rate only. Migration excluded. | |
| 468834633 | What is Life Expectancy? | How long a person is expected to live. | |
| 468834634 | What is the demographic transition? ( Be able to read) | a model of economic and cultural change that seeks to explain birth/death rates as a country becomes more industrialized. | |
| 468834635 | What is Pre-Industrial Stage? | Defines the majority of human history. High birth rate, high death rate. People have 10 kids expecting 3 or 4 to live to adulthodd. Life expectancy low. | |
| 468834636 | What is the Transitional Stage? | Initiated by industrialization marked bya large decline in the death rate as food production and medical care increases. Birth rates remain high. Population explodes. | |
| 468834637 | What is Industrial Stage? | Increases in employment oppurtunities causes women to join the work force. Also see intro. to birth control measures. Birth rates fall to meet death rates. Population growth decreases. | |
| 468834638 | What is Post-Industrial Stage? | Birth rates and Death rates remain stable. No threat of population explosion. | |
| 468834639 | What is Policy? | a formal set of rules and regulations designed to address problems and direct decisions. | |
| 468834640 | What are Free Riders? | the one in a TOC scenario that selfishly takes advantage of the others for personal gain. | |
| 468874525 | What is Regulations? | Specific rules written on broadly based laws. | |
| 468874526 | What are grassroots organizations? | an influential small group organizations that attempt to persuade their congressmen/women to initaite laws for their benefit. | |
| 468874527 | What are lobbyist? | an influential group that is paybed by corporations to lobby , or argue, congressmen/women to make rules to benefit the corporation. | |
| 468874528 | What is ATSDR , CDC,FDA? | Agency for Toxis Substances and Disease Registry Center for Disease Control Foood and Drug Administration | |
| 468874529 | What is NOAA , EPA? | National Oceanagraphic and Adotrophic Administration Enviromental Protection Agency | |
| 468874530 | What is First Era? | Western Expansion and Land Management Ex. Louisiannna Purchase | |
| 468874531 | What is Second Era? | Fix 1st era and Yellowstone world's first national park - true example of democracy | |
| 468874532 | What is Caring Capacity? | the amount if land it takes to support an animal. | |
| 468874533 | What is the 3rd Era? | Largest enactment of Federal Enviromental law in US | |
| 468874534 | What is customary law? | from a particular countries culture | |
| 468874535 | What is conventional law? | from conventions or treaties from multinational conferences. Ex. Kyoto Prodical, Montreal Prodical | |
| 468874536 | What is command- and control approach? | US policy idea that if you don't do something, I'll fine you. | |
| 468874537 | What is Subsidy? | Giving of govt. funds to encourage a particular activity. | |
| 468874538 | What did National Environment Policy Act do? | Created EPA | |
| 468874539 | What did Federal Pesticide Act do? | Got rid of DDT | |
| 468874540 | What did Endangered Species Act do? | makes list of protected critters | |
| 468874541 | What did toxis substances control act do? | make companies keep track of their chemicals and waster. | |
| 468874542 | What did CERCLA do? | Gives money to damaged areas | |
| 468874543 | What are some endangered amphibians? | Texas Blind Salamander Cobalt Blind Salamander Leatherback sea turtle (threat) Kimp's ridley sea turtle | |
| 468874544 | What are some endagered birds? | Red cockaded wood pecker Whooping crane Attwater's greater prairie chicken | |
| 468874545 | What are some endangered fish? | small tooth saw fish Fountain darter | |
| 468874546 | What are some endangered plants? | Navasota ladies- tresses Texas Snowballs | |
| 468874547 | What are some endangered mammals? | Grey Wolf, Gulf coast Jaguarundi Ocelot Jaguar Whales |