DAT Biology II Flashcards
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| 560400536 | Bryophytes | 1st subgroup of Plants Mosses, liverwarts and hornworths (No xylem so have to live in moist places) male antheridium produce flagellated sperm that swim to fertilize female archegonium | |
| 560400537 | Tracheophytes | 2nd subgroup of Plants seedless plants (A tree, or a pot of leaf) (have vascular bundle) sporophyte dominate | |
| 560400538 | Lycophyta | seedless tracheophytes club mosses nonwoody (there is no wood like trees, just steams) microphyll leaves (small leaves) | |
| 560400539 | Pterophyta | seedless tracheophytes Ferns large leaves (megaphylls) | |
| 560400540 | Psilophytes | seedless tracheophytes | |
| 560400541 | Sphenophytes | seedless tracheophytes | |
| 560400542 | Microsprangium | produce male spores in seeded plants of tracheophytes | |
| 560400543 | Macrosprangium | female spores in seeded plants of trachophytes | |
| 560400544 | Gymnosperms | naked seeded plants of tracheophytes Coniferophyta Cone bearing, pines, fir, spruce, juniper, cedar | |
| 560400545 | Angiosperms | Flowering plants Anthophyta Have female and male reproductive system within flower | |
| 560400546 | What is the Pistill and what does it contain? | Female parts of a flower Stigma catch pollen, brings it down the style to the ovary | |
| 560400547 | What is the stamen and what does it contain/ | Male parts of flower stalk of filament and on top is the anther, produces pollen | |
| 560400548 | sepals and what does it do | they are petals and serves to attract bees for pollination | |
| 560400549 | Coelom | fluid filled body cavity, arise within mesoderm | |
| 560400550 | Acoelomates | animals with no coelom | |
| 560400551 | Coelomates | animals with coelom such as protosomes and deuterostomes | |
| 560400552 | Protosomes | (blastopore on top) 1st opening forms mouth | |
| 560400553 | Deuterostomes | (blastopore bottom) 1st opening forms anus | |
| 560400554 | Cnidarians, what are the two body forms? | 1. medusa (umbrella like Ex. Jellyfish) 2. polyp (sessile, cylinder shaped Ex. Corals) | |
| 560400555 | Do Cnidarians have a coelom? | No, they are acolomates | |
| 560400556 | Cindocytes, what is it and who does it belong to? | stinging cells belonging to cindarians | |
| 560400557 | What circulatory system (aka vascular system) do Cnidarians have? | None! two cell think but nothing specialize. all cells in direct contact with ex or internal environment | |
| 560400558 | Nervous system do Cnidarians have? | net nerve | |
| 560400559 | Respiratory system of Cnidarians? | simple diffusion | |
| 560400560 | Do annelida have red blood cells? | no | |
| 560400561 | How do Cnidarians digest and excrete? | use tentacles bring in food and excrete via simple diffusion | |
| 560400562 | Platyhelminthes | flat worms | |
| 560400563 | What are tapeworms? | Platyhelminthes | |
| 560400564 | how do Platyhelminthes move? | hydrostatic skeleton | |
| 560400565 | how many layers do Platyhelminthes have? | 3 layer cells | |
| 560400566 | Do Platyhelminthes have coelom? | nope! acolomates | |
| 560400567 | What type of tissues and organs do Platyhelminthes have? | true! | |
| 560400568 | How many openings do Platyhelminthes have? | one for both digestion and ingestion | |
| 560400569 | Why are Platyhelminthes flat? | to increase S.A. for O2 exchange | |
| 560400570 | Nematoda | Round worms | |
| 560400571 | do Nematoda have a coelom? | yes (protostomic cholomate), has mesoderm | |
| 560400572 | What type of nervous system do Nematoda have? | nerve cords and nerve ring | |
| 560400573 | what circulatory system do Nematoda have? | none | |
| 560400574 | what type of digestion do Nematoda have? | long digestive tubes with anus | |
| 560400575 | Annelida | segmented earth worms, leeches | |
| 560400576 | Do Annelida have coelom? | yes, they have a TRUE BODY CAVITY (protostomic cholomate) | |
| 560400577 | annelida Vascular system (same as circulatory system)? | open circulatory system (blood moves from dorsel to head) Aortic loop which is the heart dorsal vessel connect tot he ventral vessel | |
| 560400578 | annelida digestive system? | contains nephridia which expells waste 1 way digestive tract with mouth and anus | |
| 560400579 | how do annelida move? | hydrostatic skeleton | |
| 560400580 | annelida respiratory system? | moist skin for diffusion | |
| 560400581 | annelida nervous system? | central Nervous system ventral nerve cord and anterior brain of fused ganglia(clusters of nerve cell bodies) | |
| 560400582 | Molluska | snails, cuttlefish, squid, octopus | |
| 560400583 | how has mantles and what are they made of? | molluska , made of of calcium carbonate | |
| 560400584 | How do Molluska breakth? | gills | |
| 560400585 | Molluska have what type of heart and body? | chamberd hearts and visceral(internal) body containing organs | |
| 560400586 | Molluska have what type of nervous system? | pair of ventral nerve cords | |
| 560400587 | what type of circulatory system do Molluska have? | open circulatory system with large opening called hemocoel | |
| 560400588 | do Molluska have coelom? | yes, protostomic colomate | |
| 560400589 | Arthropod | Insects, spiders, crustaceans | |
| 560400590 | what type of lungs do spiders have? | book lungs | |
| 560400591 | what are the skin of insects and crustacean made of? | chitin exoskeleton | |
| 560400592 | Jointed appendages are unique to what? | arthropod | |
| 560400593 | arthropods have what type of excretion system? | Malpighian tube to remove nitric acid waste | |
| 560400594 | arthropod vascular system? | open circulatory system, blood flows dorsal to sinuses | |
| 560400595 | do arthropod have coelom? | yes, protostomic colomate | |
| 560400596 | arthropod nervous system? | central N.S. similar to annelida but more specialized | |
| 560400597 | arthropod respiratory system? | tracheae | |
| 560400598 | arthropod digestive system/ | similar to annelids, one way tract with anus and mouth. have salivary glands as well | |
| 560400599 | what are the tracheae in insects called? | spiracles for simple diffusion respiration | |
| 560400600 | Echinoderm | starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars | |
| 560400601 | Echinoderm, do they have a coelom? | yes, but deuterostomic colomate | |
| 560400602 | what type of symmetry do Echinoderm have? | radial | |
| 560400603 | Chordate | Vetebrate and Nonvertebrate | |
| 560400604 | What four things do chordate have at lease once in their life? | 1. dorsal hollow nerve cord 2. pharyngeal gill slits 3. notochord arised from mesoderm 4. tail | |
| 560400605 | do chordate have coelom? and what type | yes, deuterostomic colomate | |
| 560400606 | nae two chordate that do not have vertebrate? | lancelets and tunicates | |
| 560400607 | What has vetebrates? | fish, amphibia, reptiles, birds, mammals | |
| 560400608 | how many chambered hearts do fish have? | 2 | |
| 560400609 | how do fish fertilize? | externally | |
| 560400610 | Name two (class Agnatha) jawless fish and what happens to their notocord? | lamprey and hagfish (retain notocord aka spinal cord throughout life) | |
| 560400611 | Name a cartilagious fish? and what type of notochord do they have? | sharks, they have reduce notochord | |
| 560400612 | What do bony fish have that jawless and cartilagious fish do not have? | scales | |
| 560400613 | What happens to the notochord of bony fish when they become adults? | lose notochord | |
| 560400614 | What are Amphibia? | frogs, salamander | |
| 560400615 | What are Amphibia called during laval stage? and what do they have? | tadpole have gills and tail | |
| 560400616 | What do Amphibia adults have? | lungs, legs, NO TAIL | |
| 560400617 | how many chamberd hearts do Amphibia have? | 3 | |
| 560400618 | how do Amphibia fertilize? | externally | |
| 560400619 | How many chambered hearts do birds have? | 4 | |
| 560400620 | What are Monotreme? | mammals that lay leathery eggs instead of giving birth to live youngs | |
| 560400621 | what are Marsupials? | mammals who's young are carried in a pouch | |
| 560400622 | examples of Placental Mammals are? | baths, whale, mouse, humans | |
| 560433436 | dicots and monocots belong to angiosperm of gymnosperm? | Angio | |
| 560433437 | Dicots have ___ leaf venation while monocots have __ leaf? | dicots have netted : monocots have parallel | |
| 560433438 | Dicots have ___ vascular bundles while monocots have __ ? | dicots have circular: mono have scattered | |
| 560433439 | Dicots have ___ root while monocots have __ ? | dicots have single large root : mono have fibrous root (clusters of many roots) | |
| 560433440 | What are the three ground tissues? | Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma | |
| 560433441 | Parenchyma = thin or thick wall? common or not? function? | think walls, most common, storage and photosynthesis | |
| 560433442 | Collenchyma = thin or thick wall? flexible or not? function? | thick, flexible wall. provides support | |
| 560433443 | sclerenchyma = thin or thick? function? | thick, support | |
| 560433444 | what are dermal tissues? | epidermis cells that over outside of plants | |
| 560433445 | Vascular bundle, xylem or pholem is inside? | xylem inside | |
| 560433446 | Two types of xylem? | vessel and tracheids cells | |
| 560433447 | xylem, thick or thin? | thick, the old xylem forms lumber while the new xylem becomes the sapwood | |
| 560433448 | phloem, thick or think? | thin, it is the bark of tree, once remove tree will die | |
| 560433449 | two types of phloem cells? | companion and sieve tube cells | |
| 560629631 | Epicotyl | top portion of embryo, develops into upper steam and leaves | |
| 560629632 | Hypocotyl | bottom portion of embryo, develops into lower steam and roots | |
| 560629633 | Cotyledon | grows and feed embryo, can be dicots or moncots | |
| 560629634 | What are the three zones in order of germination and development of the roots and steams? | 1. zone of cell division 2. zone of elongation 3. zone of maturation (forms vascular bundles and parenchyma) | |
| 560629635 | What are two meristem cells? and what do they grow into? | 1. apical meristem (primiary growth) = grows in length (roots and steams) 2. lateral meristem aka cambium or cork cambium (secondary growth) = grows in diameter (2nd xylem and 2nd pholem) | |
| 560629636 | What does the cortex do in roots and where is is located? | It is towards the inside, below the epidermis. Bulk of the root and store starch | |
| 560629637 | What are casparian strip? | within the endodermis of the roots, next to cortex. control water flow | |
| 560629638 | Do stem have casparian strip?if not, what do they have to prevent water loss? | No, they have cutin to protect stem | |
| 560629639 | Do leaves have opening on the upper surface? why? | no, to prevent water loss | |
| 560629640 | what is the function of the epidermis of the leaf? | protect the cuticle (waxy material cutin) and reduce water loss | |
| 560629641 | what are palisade mesophyll? | large surface area for photosynthesis (expose to light) | |
| 560629642 | what are spongy mesophyll? | parachyma cells, gas exchange for leafs | |
| 560629643 | guard cells? | control opening and closing of stomata | |
| 560629644 | Stoma | opening located in lower epidermis does gas and water exchange opens during the day to let CO2 in and close at night to limit loss of water vapor | |
| 560629645 | what are the three factors in rise of water in xylem? | 1. capillary movement (liquid in think tube will rise due to surface tension) 2. transpiration (evaporation of water create negative pressure to pull water up) 3. Root pressure | |
| 560629646 | What is translocation in plants? | movement of carbs through pholem from source to sink (active process) | |
| 560629647 | Sink | sugar to starch (not soluble in water) | |
| 560629648 | source | starch to sugar (sugar is soluble in water) | |
| 560629649 | What inhibits lateral buds? | Auxin | |
| 560629650 | What does Auxin do? | promote plant growth | |
| 560629651 | Gibberlins | stem elongation | |
| 560629652 | What does Gibberlins inhibit? | formation of new roots | |
| 560629653 | What does Gibberlins terminate? | dormancy of seeds and buds | |
| 560629654 | Cytokinins | plant hormone, cytokinesis, cell division | |
| 560629655 | Abscisic Acid (ABA) | growth inhibitor | |
| 560629656 | Auxin more on shaded side __ growth. | more | |
| 560629657 | Gravitropism, which why does plant grow if it has negative gravitropism? | negative means grows upwards positive means grows downwards | |
| 560629658 | Thigmotropism? | touch EX. climbing plants | |
| 560629659 | Photoperiodism | response due to change in photoperioid (length of day and night) | |
| 560629660 | What will a flash of red light during the night do to a plant? | it will reset the plant's clock (photoperiod) | |
| 560629661 | Does brief period of darkness during the day have any effect on plants? | no |