Mirror For Humanity Chp 1-4 Flashcards

cultural anthropology exam 1

463351787	Black English Vernacular (BEV)	A rule-governed dialect of American English with roots in southern English. BEV is spoken by African American youth and by many adults in their casual, intimate speech-sometimes called ebonics
463351788	call systems	Systems of communication among nonhuman primates, composed of a limited number of sounds that vary in intensity and duration. Tied to environmental stimuli.
463351791	descriptive linguistics	The scientific study of a spoken language, including its phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax.
463351793	displacement	A linguistic capacity that allows humans to talk about things and events that are not present.
463351794	focal vocabulary	A set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups (those with particular foci of experience or activity), such as types of snow to Eskimos or skiers.
463351796	kinesics	The study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions.
463351797	lexicon	Vocabulary; a dictionary containing all the morphemes in a language and their meaning.
463351798	morphology	The study of form; used in linguistics (the study of morphemes and word construction) and for form in general-for example, biomorphology relates to physical form.
463351799	phoneme	Significant sound contrast in a language that serves to distinguish meaning, as in minimal pairs.
463351800	phonemics	The study of the sound contrasts (phonemes) of a particular language.
463351801	phonetics	The study of speech sounds in general; what people actually say in various languages.
463351802	phonology	The study of sounds used in speech.
463351803	productivity	The ability to use the rules of one's language to create new expressions comprehensible to other speakers; a basic feature of language.
463351805	Sapir-Whorf hypothesis	Theory that different languages produce different ways of thinking.
463351806	semantics	A language's meaning system.
463351807	sociolinguistics	Study of relationships between social and linguistic variation; study of language in its social context.
463351810	syntax	The arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences.
463351812	cultural consultant	Someone the ethnographer gets to know in the field, who teaches him or her about their society and culture, aka informant.
463351813	emic	The research strategy that focuses on native explanations and criteria of significance.
463351814	etic	The research strategy that emphasizes the observer's rather than the natives' explanations, categories, and criteria of significance.
463351815	genealogical method	Procedures by which ethnographers discover and record connections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols.
463351818	key cultural consultants	An expert on a particular aspect of local life who helps the ethnographer understand that aspect.
463351820	longitudinal research	Long-term study of a community, society, culture, or other unit, usually based on repeated visits.
463351821	participant observation	A characteristic ethnographic technique; taking part in the events one is observing, describing, and analyzing.
463351823	sample	A smaller study group chosen to represent a larger population.
463351826	acculturation	the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct.
463351827	core values	Key, basic, or central values that integrate a culture and help distinguish it from others.
463351828	cultural relativism	The position that the values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect.
463351829	cultural rights	Doctrine that certain rights are vested not in individuals but in identifiable groups, such as religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies.
463351830	diffusion	Borrowing between cultures either directly or through intermediaries
463351831	enculturation	The social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations.
463351832	ethnocentrism	The tendency to view one's own culture as best and to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people by one's own standards.
463351837	human rights	Doctrine that invokes a realm of justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions. Human rights, usually seen as vested in individuals, would include the right to speak freely, to hold religious beliefs without persecution, and not to be enslaved. *Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (article 16, #2)
463351844	symbol	Something, verbal or non-verbal, that arbitrarily and by convention stands for something else, with which it has no necessary or natural connection.
463351846	adaptation	the process by which organisms cope with environmental stresses
463351847	anthropology	the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors
463351848	applied anthropology	the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems
463351849	archaeological anthropology	The branch of anthropology that reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains; best known for the study of prehistory. Also known as "archaeology."
463351851	biological (or physical) anthropology	The branch of anthropology that studies human biological diversity over time and space-for instance, hominid evolution, human genetics, human biological adaptation; also includes primatology (behavior and evolution of monkeys and apes). Also called physical anthropology
463351852	cultural anthropology	The study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.
463351854	culture	that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by [humans] as a member of society. *learned, symbolic, shared, all-encompassing, integrated.
463351855	ethnography	Field work in a particular culture
463351856	ethnology	The theoretical, comparative study of society and culture; compares cultures in time and space
463351859	holistic	Interested in the whole of human condition past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture.
463351860	linguistic anthropology	The branch of anthropology that studies linguistic variation in time and space. including interrelations between language and culture; includes historical linguistics and sociolinguistics.
463351861	natural selection	Originally formulated by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace; the process by which nature selects the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment, such as the tropics.
463351865	sociolinguistics	Study of relationships between social and linguistic variation; study of language in its social context.
463515523	Types of Field Work	journals, photos, videos, artifacts, field notes
463515524	Types of Bias	ethnocentrism and incomplete view (gender limitations, teamwork necessary for adequate perspective)
463515525	world view	the way the world really is based on our ethos (the way we think we should live in the world)