Chapter 6, A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

498403989	Light Microscope (LM)	A microscope where visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses.
498403990	Electron Microscope (EM)	A microscope where a beam of electrons is focused through the specimen or onto it's surface.
498403991	Cell Ultrastructure	The cellular anatomy revealed by an electron microscope.
498403992	Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)	A microscope where an electron beam scans the surface of the sample (which is coated by a thin film of gold) and creates a 3D topographic image for fine detail.
498403993	Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)	A microscope where an electron beam is used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells to be displayed on digital screens or photographs.
498403994	Cytology	The study of cell structures.
498403995	Biochemistry	The study of molecules and chemical processes (metabolism) of cells.
498403996	Cell Fractionation	The process of taking cells apart and separating their major organelles and other sub-cellular structures from one another; used to isolate (fractionate) cell components based on size and density.
498403997	Centrifuge	Instrument used to spin test tubes holding mixtures of disrupted cells at various speeds.
498403998	Cell ________	Fractionation; Cells are homogenized in a blender,then centrifuged at different speeds and durations to fractionate different cell components (large vs. small components).
498403999	True	True or false: the -four- basic features of every cell are the plasma membrane, the cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes.
498404000	Cytosol	A semifluid, jellylike substance within a cell, enclosed by a membrane that carries organelles.
498404001	Ribosomes	Tiny complexes which make proteins according to instructions from genes.
498404002	False; DNA.	True or False: The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the location of their -nucleus.-
498404003	Eukaryotic Cells	A cell in which the DNA is located in the nucleus.
498404004	Prokaryotic Cell	A cell in which the DNA is concentrated in the nucleoid.
498404005	Nucleoid	A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell, not enclosed by a membrane.
498404006	Cytoplasm	The interior of a prokaryotic cell; the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell.
498404007	Yes!	Yes or No: Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells; size is a general aspect of cell structure that relates to function.
498404008	Plasma Membrane	A selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell.
498404009	Volume	For each square micrometer of membrane, only a limited amount of a particular substance can cross per second; therefore, the ration of surface area to _____ is critical.
498404010	Greater; Larger	A smaller object has a _____ ratio of surface area to volume; however, as the cell increases in size, it's volume grows proportionally ______ than it's surface area.
498404011	More Often	Flatter, elongated, narrower cells are _________ found in areas where exchanging of materials in the surrounding occurs, such as in intestinal cells.
498404012	Compartments	Incompatible processes can go on simultaneously inside a single cell because of all of a eukaryotic cell's different _______, surrounded by individual membranes.
498404013	Nucleus	The organelle within the cell containing DNA and RNA, that is responsible for growth, reproduction, and protein synthesis (indirectly).
498404014	Nuclear Envelope	Double membrane that encloses the nucleus, keeping it separate from the cytoplasm.
498404015	Nuclear Lamina	A net-like array of protein filaments that lines and supports the nuclear side of the nuclear envelope so that it may maintain the shape of the nucleus.
498404016	Chromosomes	Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes.
498404017	Chromatin	A complex of proteins, DNA, and RNA; later forms into sister pairs of chromosomes.