Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad, 1912-1916 Flashcards

Chapter 29

668160044	Wilson won the election of 1912 largely because the Republican party split in two.	True
668160045	In the 1912 campaign, Wilson's "New Freedom" favored a socially activist government and preserving large regulated trusts, while Roosevelt's "New Nationalist" favored small enterprise and strict antitrust laws	False
668160046	Wilson believed that the president should provide national leadership by appealing directly to the people.	True
668160047	Wilson successfully used his popular appeal to push through progressive reforms of the tariff, monetary systems, and trusts	true
668160048	Wilson's progressive outlook showed itself clearly in his attempt to improve the conditions and treatment of blacks.	False
668160049	Wilson initially attempted to overturn the imperialistic big-stick and dollar-diplomacy foreign policies of Roosevelt and Taft, especially in Latin America.	True
668160050	Wilson consistently refused to send American troops to intervene in the Caribbean	False
668160051	Wilson's initial policy toward the revolutionary Mexican government of General Huerta was to show his disapproval without sending in American troops.	True
668160052	The mediation of three Latin American nations saved Wilson from a full-scale war with Mexico	True
668160053	General Pershing's expedition into Mexico was an attempt to bring the pro-American faction of Mexican revolutionaries to power.	False
668160054	In the early days of World War 1, more Americans sympathized with Germany than with Britain.	False
668160055	The American economy benefited greatly from supplying goods to the Allies.	True
668160056	After the Lusitania's sinking, the Midwest and West favored war with Germany, while the East generally favored attempts at negotiations.	False
668160057	After the sinking of the Sussex, Wilson successfully pressured Germany into stopping submarine attacks against neutral shipping.	True
668160058	In the 1916 campaign, Wilson ran on the slogan "He Kept Us Out of War," while his opponent Hughes tried to straddle the issue of a possible war with Germany.	True
668160059	The basic contrast between the two progressive candidates, Roosevelt and Wilson, was that	Roosevelt wanted the federal government to regulate the economy and promote social welfare, while Wilson wanted to restore economic competition and social equality.
668160060	Wilson won the election of 1912 primarily because	Taft and Roosevelt split the former Republican vote.
668160061	Wilson's primary weakness as a politician was	his tendency to be inflexible and refuse to compomise
668160062	The "triple wall of privilege" that Wilson set out to reform consisted of	the tariffs, the banks, and the trusts.
668160063	During the Wilson administration, Congress exercised the authority granted by the newly enacted sixteenth Amendment to pass	a federal income tax.
668160064	The new regulatory agency created by the Wilson administration in 1914 that attacked monopolies, false advertising and consumer fraud was	the Federal Trade Commission.
668160065	While it attacked business monopolies, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act exempted from antitrust prosecution	agricultural and labor organizations.
668160066	Wilson effectively reformed the banking and financial system by	establishing a publicly controlled Federal Reserve Board with regional banks under bankers' control
668160067	Wilson's progressive policies and laws substantially aided all of the following groups except	blacks.
668160068	Wilson's initial attitude toward the Mexican revolutionary government was	to refuse recognition of General Huerta's regime but avoid American intervention.
668160069	The threatened war between the United States and Mexico in 1914 was avoided by the mediation of the ABC powers, which consisted of	Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.
668160070	General Pershing's expedition into Mexico was sent in direct response to	the killing of American citizens in New Mexico by "Pancho" Villa.
668160071	The sympathy of a majority of Americans for the Allies and against Germany was especially conditioned by	the German invasion of neutral Belgium.
668160072	After the Lusitania, Arabic, and Sussex sinkings, Wilson successfully pressured the German government to	cease from sinking neutral merchant and passenger ships without warning.
668160073	Wilson's most effective slogan in the campaign of 1916 was	"He Kept Us Out of War"
668160074	Bull Moose	Four-footed symbol of Roosevelt's Progressive third party in 1912
668160075	Socialist Party	A fourth political party, led by a former labor union leader, that garnered nearly a million votes in 1912.
668160076	New Freedom	Wilson's political philosophy of restoring democracy through trust-busting and economic competition.
668160077	Federal Reserve	A twelve-member agency appointed by the president to oversee the banking system under a new federal law of 1913.
668160078	Federal Trade Commision	New presidentially appointed regulatory commission designed to prevent monopoly and guard against unethical trade practices.
668160079	Clayton Anti-Trust Act	Wilsonian law that tried to curb business monopoly while permitting labor and agricultural organizations.
668160080	Railway labor act	Wilsonian reform law that established an eight-hour day for railroad workers.
668160081	Haiti	Troubled Caribbean island nation where a president's murder led Wilson to send in the marines and assume American control of the police and finances.
668160082	ABC Powers	Term for the three Latin American nations whose mediation prevented war between the United States and Mexico in 1914
668160083	Central Powers	World War 1 alliance headed by Germany and Austria-Hungary
668160084	Allies	The coalition of powers--led by Britain, France, and Russia--that opposed Germany and its partners in World War 1.
668160085	Submarine	New underwater weapon that threatened neutral shipping and seemed to violate all traditional norms of international law.
668160086	Lusitania Pledge	Large British passenger liner whose sinking in 1915 prompted some Americans to call for war against Germany.
668160087	Sussex Pledge	Germany's carefully conditional agreement in 1916 not to sink passenger and merchant vessels without warning.
668160088	California	Key electoral state where a tiny majority for Wilson tipped the balance against Hughes in 1916.
668160089	Thomas Woodrow Wilson	Southern-born intellectual who pursued strong moral goals in politics and the presidency.
668160090	Theodore Roosevelt	Energetic progressive and vigorous nationalist who refused to wage another third-party campaign in 1916
668160091	Samuel Gompers	Labor leader who hailed the Clayton Anti-Trust Act as the "Magna Carta of labor"
668160092	Louis D. Brandeis	Leading progressive reformer and the first Jew named to the U.S. Supreme Court.
668160093	Virgin Islands	Caribbean territory purchased by the United States from Denmark in 1917
668160094	General Huerta	Mexican revolutionary whose bloody regime Wilson refused to recognize and nearly ended up fighting.
668160095	Venustiano Carranza	Second revolutionary Mexican president, who took aid from the United States but strongly resisted American military intervention in his country.
668160096	Vera Cruz	Ports where clashes between Mexicans and American military forces nearly led to war in 1914
668160097	"Pancho" Villa	Mexican revolutionary whose assaults on American citizens and territory provoked a U.S. expedition into Mexico
668160098	John J. Pershing	Commander of the American military expedition into Mexico in 1916-1917
668160099	Belgium	Small European nation whose neutrality was violated by Germany in the early days of World War 1
668160100	Serbia	Small European nation in which an Austro-Hungarian heir was killed, leading to the outbreak of World War 1
668160101	Kaiser Wilhelm II	Autocratic ruler who symbolized ruthlessness and arrogance to many pro-Allied Americans
668160102	Haiti	Caribbean nation where Wilson sent American marines in 1915
668160103	Charles Evans Hughes	Narrowly unsuccessful presidential candidate who tried to straddle both sides of the fence regarding American policy toward Germany.
668199386	The split between Roosevelt and Taft	Allowed Wilson to win a narrow presidential victory in the election of 1916
668199387	Wilson's presidential appeals to the public over the heads of Congress	Helped push through sweeping reforms of the tariff and the banking system in 1913
668199388	The Federal Reserve Act	Finally established an effective national banking system and a flexible money supply
668199389	Conservative Justices of the Supreme Court	Declared unconstitutional progressive Wilsonian measures dealing with labor unions and child labor
668199390	Political turmoil in Haiti and Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)	Caused Wilson to send in U.S. marines to restore order and supervise finances.
668199391	The Mexican revolution	Created constant political instability south of the border and undermined Wilson's hopes for better U.S. relations with Latin America
668199392	"Pancho" Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico	Was the immediate provocation for General Pershing's punitive expedition into Mexico
668199393	America's close cultural and economic ties with Britain	Caused most Americans to sympathize with the Allies rather than the Central Powers.
668199394	Germany's Sinking of the Lusitania, Arabic, and Sussex	Caused President Wilson and other outraged Americans to demand an end to unrestricted submarine warfare.
668199395	Wilson's apparent success in keeping America at peace through diplomacy	Enabled the Democrats to win a narrow presidential victory in the election of 1916.