Chapter 4 - Perception Flashcards

694755974	Sensation	simple stimulation of a sense organ.Physical energy in the world.
694755975	Perception	the organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation.Neural energy in the brain.
694755976	Top-Down Processing	what is perceived is largely determined by perceiver knowledge, expectations, goals, etc.
694755977	Bottom-Up Processing	what is perceived is largely determined by the features of stimuli reaching the sense organs.
694755978	How is Multitasking related to Top-Down Processing?	Multitasking can generate top-down processing conflicts as your mind actively tries to focus on important information.
694755979	Sensory Adaptation	sensitivity to stimulation tends to decline over time—as we adapt to current conditions.
694755980	How can Autism and Sensory Adaptation be related?	Some have suggested that autistics might not experience "sensory adaptation" in the usual sense—without reducing the typical sensory input, they can experience sensory overload
694755981	Perceptual Constancy	A perceptual principle stating that even as aspects of sensory signals change, perception remains consistent.
694755982	Change Blindness	Failure to perceive changes in the environment.
694755983	Psychophysics	Methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer's sensitivity to that stimulus.
694755984	Signal Detection Theory	one's response to a stimulus depends on sensitivity to it in the presence of "noise" and on decision rules.
694755985	Hit	Stimulus Present and Stimulus Detected.
694755986	Miss	Stimulus Present and Stimulus Not Detected.
694755987	False Alarm	Stimulus Not Present and Stimulus Detected.
694755988	Correct Rejection	Stimulus Present and Stimulus Not Detected.
694755989	Perceptual Organization	involves separating an object from its surroundings
694755990	Similarity	regions similar in color, lightness, shape, or texture are perceived as belonging to the same object
694755991	Proximity	objects that are close together tend to be grouped together
694755992	Common Fate	elements of a visual image that move together are perceived as parts of a single moving object
694755993	Continuity	edges or contours that have the same orientation tend to be perceptually grouped together
694755994	Closure	people fill in missing elements of a visual scene, allowing perception of edges separated by gaps as belonging to complete objects
694755995	Individualism	a set of cultural expectations that "prioritize" individuals over groups
694755996	Collectivism	a set of cultural expectations that "prioritize" groups over individuals