Chapter 6 - Learning Flashcards

691344132	Learning	change in a persons behavior to a given situation brought about by his/her repeated experience in that situation.
691344133	Classical Conditioning	Discovered by Pavlov & dogs
691344134	Unconditioned stimulus (US)	naturally elicits a response
691344135	Unconditioned response (UR)	natural response to US
691344136	Condition stimulus	previously neutral stimulus which, after pairing with a US attains the ability to elicit the same response
691344137	Condition response	the response to the CS (looks like the UR, on the surface)
691344138	Acquisition	association between the UCS & CS is attained
691344139	Stimulus contiguity	timing of the pairing of the UCS and the CS: simultaneous, short-delayed (tone presented before meat, end at same time), trace presentation (tone presented & ended before meat presented)
691344140	Extinction	break association by presenting CS alone without UCS
691344141	Stimulus generalization	when someone generalizes what they have learned from a specific CS to other stimuli which are similar to the original CS (scared of all clowns)
691344142	Stimulus discrimination	when someone does not generalize what they have learned from a specific CS to other stimuli which are similar to the original CS (only scared of Bozo)
691344143	Higher order conditioning	when CS functions as UCS, eating candy makes you happy, money makes you happy because it has become associated with candy.
691344144	Operant conditioning	Skinner: demonstrated that organisms repeat those responses that are followed by favorable consequences and organism tend not to repeat those responses that are followed by negative and/or neutral consequences
691344145	Acquisition	when the connection between a behavior and a consequence is attained. Shaping: reinforcements of closer and closer approximations of a desired response - baby steps
691344146	consequences	reinforcement & punishments
691344147	reinforcement	consequence that increases the tendency to repeat preceding behavior
691344148	positive reinforcement	adding something into the situation that increases the tendency to repeat the preceding behavior
691344149	negative reinforcement	taking something away from the situation that increases the tendency to repeat the preceding behavior
691344150	punishment	consequence that decreases the tendency to repeat preceding behavior
691344151	positive punishment	adding something that decreases the tendency
691344152	negative punishment	taking something out of the situation that decreases the tendency
691344153	continuous reinforcement	occurs everytime someone does the target behavior
691344154	fixed-ratio reinforcement	reinforcement is given based on a fixed number of response
691344155	variable-ratio reinforcement	reinforcement is given based on an average number of response
691344156	Fixed interval reinforcement	reinforcement is given based on the first response given after a fixed amount of time has passed
691344157	variable interval reinforcement	reinforcement is given based on the first response given after an average amount of time has passed
691344158	instinctive drift	operant conditioning isn't always successful, when it goes against a natural instinct it usually fails
691344159	stimulus generalization	when you generalize what you have learned under one cur to other stimuli which are similar to this cue
691344160	stimulus discrimination	when you consider an association between a behavior and a consequence to occur only with a specific cue - an no other stimulus, even those similar to this original cue
691344161	classical & operant work together	phobias, classical- creates & establishes, operant - maintains
691344162	Latent Learning	Edward Tolman, 1930's-40's. 3 groups continuous, no, and reinforcement on 10th trial. Motivation is important factor
691344163	Observational Learning	Albert Bandura (70's-80's) suggest that many different cognitive processes could be involved with learning including internal processes which allow one to learn vicariously
691344164	Observation of a model	attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
692218325	Latent learning is	learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs
692218326	observational learning is	learning that occurs when an organisms responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models
692218327	classical conditioning is	learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus