Post Civil War Era Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 310475631 | Why was the US so economically successful after 1865? | natural resources, immigration, high wages, laissez-faire, railroads | |
| 310475632 | the #1 reason the US was economically successful | railroads | |
| 310475633 | company of transcontinental railroad that built westward from Nebraska using mainly Irish labor | Union Pacific | |
| 310475634 | company of transcontinental railroad that built eastward from San Francisco using mainly Chinese labor | Central Pacific | |
| 310475635 | these provided the railroad with money | government subsidies | |
| 310475636 | effects of transcontinental railroad | mass immigration to cities, industrialization, growth of agriculture | |
| 310475637 | the division of businesses | pools | |
| 310475638 | how was the railroad corrupt? | stocks were inflated, monopolies (pools) were created, people were overcharged, and officials were bribed | |
| 310475639 | stated that states could not regulate interstate because it required federal action; outlawed pools | Interstate Commerce Act | |
| 310475640 | what was the main significance of the Interstate Commerce Act? | the first attempt to regulate big business | |
| 310475641 | revolutionized the steel industry in Pittsburgh | Andrew Carnegie | |
| 310475643 | a company controls every stage of the industrial process | vertical integration | |
| 310475645 | owner of Standard Oil; controlled 95% of nation's oil refineries | John D. Rockefeller | |
| 310475648 | owning every company of a certain industry | horizontal integration | |
| 310475650 | which integration is legal today? | [??] | |
| 310475653 | businessmen who dominate their respective industries and amassed huge personal fortunes typically as a direct result of pursuing various allegedly anti-competitive or unfair business practices | robber barons | |
| 310475655 | a market containing a single firm | monopoly | |
| 310475657 | a situation where many companies join together to make business decisions | trust | |
| 310475660 | establishing the price of a product or service rather than allowing it to be determined naturally through free market forces | price fixing | |
| 310475662 | selling the same product at different prices to different people | price discrimination | |
| 310475664 | putting your officers on the board of directors of other companies | interlocking directorates | |
| 310475667 | selling a product at very low price with the intent of driving competitors out of the market or create a barrier to entry into the market for potential new competitors | predatory pricing | |
| 310475669 | America's business philosophy | business should not be regulated by the government (laissez faire) | |
| 310475671 | survival of the fittest in society | social darwinism | |
| 310475674 | the idea that wealth is a gift from God due to hard work | Gospel of Wealth | |
| 310475676 | government attempt to stop trusts; was against bigness, not badness; curbed the power of unions | Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 | |
| 310475679 | inventor of the phonograph, the light bulb, the motion picture camera | Thomas Edison | |
| 310475681 | inventor of the air brake and the Transformer | George Westinghouse | |
| 310475684 | inventor of the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell | |
| 310475686 | impacts of innovations | urbanization, women workers, immigrants, factory jobs | |
| 310475688 | first attempt to organize workers nationwide; gave 8hr work days, higher wages, and some rights for women | National Labor Union | |
| 310475690 | closing a factory | lockout | |
| 310475693 | list of union members | blacklists | |
| 310475695 | agreements not to join unions | yellow-dog contracts | |
| 310475698 | who had the upper hand? | employers | |
| 310475700 | four largest railroad companies cut wages by 10% so workers went on strike | Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | |
| 310475702 | results of organized labor | some work improvements; loss of support of unions | |
| 310475704 | goals of Knights of Labor | end child labor, end trusts and monopolies | |
| 310475706 | pro-labor rally in Chicago; bomb was thrown which killed 7 policemen | Haymarket bombing | |
| 310475709 | result of the Haymarket bombing | loss of support and popularity for Knights of Labor | |
| 310475711 | promoted "bread and butter" issues | The American Federation of Labor | |
| 310475713 | what were "bread and butter" issues? | better wages, better hours, better working conditions | |
| 310475715 | legacy of American Federation of Labor | 23,000 strikes, labor day created, unions would not prosper until the 1930s | |
| 310475718 | first truly organized labor strike | Homestead Steel Strike | |
| 310475720 | Eugene Debs organized a rail workers boycott of Pullman train cars due to wage cuts | Pullman strike | |
| 310475722 | how many Americans lived in a large city? | 1 out of every 3 | |
| 310475724 | what was the world's 2nd largest city? | New York | |
| 310475727 | largest problem for New York | lots of horses, lots of manure, lots of urine | |
| 310475729 | what invention allowed the skyscraper to become commonplace? | [???] | |
| 310475732 | from northern and western Europe, Protestant, English speaking | Old Immigrants | |
| 310475735 | from southern and eastern Europe, Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish, uneducated, non-English speaking | New Immigrants | |
| 310475737 | which type of immigrant assimilated better? | Old | |
| 310475740 | what percent of population was immigrant in 1900? | 15% | |
| 310475743 | attempted to spread Protestantism | Christian Socialists | |
| 310475745 | created the most prominent settlement house called Hull House designed to assimilate immigrants into American life | Jane Addams | |
| 310475748 | fiercely anti-Catholic group that feared immigrants would bring socialism or communism | nativists | |
| 310475750 | started teh Tuskegee Institute to teach black useful trades; pushed for economic equality over social equality | Booker T. Washington | |
| 310475752 | founding member of the NAACP; demanded immediate full equality for the "talented tenth" of the black community | W.E.B. Dubois | |
| 310475754 | provided public lands to the states for education and created 'land grant' colleges, most state universities | Morrill Act of 1862 |