AC ACT Science Vocabulary (Chemistry) Flashcards

561083256	acid	compound that tastes sour, has a low pH, turns litmus paper red, increases the conctration of hydrogen ions in wter, and reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas
561083257	alpha particles	positively charged nuclear particle, consisting of tow protons and two neutrons, that is given off by a radio active element
561083258	atom	smallest particle of an element that exhibits all the properties of that element
561083259	atomic mass unit	unid, defined as one twelfth the weight of an atom of carbon-12 in which atoic weight is expressed
561083260	atomic weight	thae average weight of an atom of any element relative to the weight of an atom of carbon-12
561083261	Avogadros law	law which sttes that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the smae number of molecules
561083262	base	a compound that tastes bitter feels slippery has a high pH, turns litmus paper blue and increases the concentration of hydroxid ions in water
561083263	beta particle	a high-speed electron ejected from the nucleus of a radioactive atom
561083264	binding energy	the energy that holds the protons and the neutrons in the nucleus of an atom together; the difference between the expected and the acutal mass of an atom
561083265	boiling point	the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals tha atmosheric pressure
561083266	British thermal unit	the amound of heat required to rais the temperatur of 1 pound of water 1 degree fahrenheit
561083267	calorie	the amount of heat requited to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
561083268	catalust	substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without any change to itself
561083269	celsius scale	a temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 and boils at 100
561083270	chemical bond	for e by which atoms, ions, or groups of atoms are held together
561083271	compound	a unique substance formed when two or more elements are chemically combined
561083272	condensation	process by which a substance is changed from a gas to a liquid of solid
561083273	conservation of mass-energy	matter and energy can never be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another. the total amount of matter and energy in the universe is constant
561083274	covalent bond	chemical bond formed by the equal sharing of paired electrons
561083275	crystal	solid in which the atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in a definite, regular, three-dimensional pattern
561083276	cyclotron	accelerator used to study the structue of the atom and properties of nuclei and subnucleic particle
561083277	dehydration	removal of hydrogen and oxygen in the form of water from a compound
561083278	density	mass of a substance per unit volume
561083279	diffusion	process by which the atoms, molecule, or ions of two or more substanceces intermingle as a result of random, spontaneous motion
561083280	distillation	process of heating a substance until it vaporizes and then collecting and condensing the gas, usually for the purpose of purification.
561083281	elasticity	property of a body that enables it to recover its size and shape after deformation
561083282	electron	a negetively charged subatomic particle
561083283	element	a substance that is composed of only one kind of atom
561083284	endothermic reaction	chemical reaction that absorms heat
561083285	equation	a symboic expression of a chemical reaction
561083286	evaporation	escape of molecules from the surface of liquids or solids
561083287	exothermic reaction	a chemical reaction that gives off heat
561083288	Fahrenheit scale	a temperature scale on which water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees
561083289	fission	splitting of the nucleus of an atom, resulting in the release of enourmous amounts of energy
561083290	fusion	union of the nuclei of atoms, resulting in the release of enormous amounts of energy
561083291	gamma ray	a highspeed ray with no electrical charge that is emitted by a radioactive element
561083292	half life	time required for half the atoms present in a radioactive substance to disintegrate
561083293	heat of fusion	amount of heat required to convert 1 mole of a substance from a solid to hout change in temperature
561083294	heat of vaporization	amount of heat required to convert 1 mole of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous state without a change in tempderature
561083295	ion	an electrically charge atom of group of atoms
561083296	ionic bond	a chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons
561083297	isotope	one of two or more species of atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei and thus differ in atomic mass
561083298	Kelvin scale	temperature scale, also known as the absolute temperature scaleo on which 0 degrees corresponds to the lowest temerature theoretically possible and on which water freezes at 273.15 degrees and boild at 373.15 degrees
561083299	mass	the quantity of matter in a substance
561083300	mass number	sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
561083301	matter	any substance that occupies space and has weight
561083302	metal	any of a class of active chemical elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity and that generally hard, dense, malleable, ductile, and lustrous
561083303	mixture	a substance containing two or more ingredients that retain their individual properties
561083304	molecule	the smalles paret of an element or compound that exists under ordinary conditions and possesses all of the properties of the element or compound
561083305	neutralization	reaction of an acid and a base that produces salt and water
561083306	neutron	uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
561083307	noble gas	one of te relatively inactive elements (also called the inert or rare gases) at the extreme right of th periodic table
561083308	nucleus	the dense, positively charged, central portion of an atom
561083309	organic chemistry	the chemistry of carbon and its compounds
561083310	oxidation	the process by which a substance loses electrons
561083311	periodic table	the chart on which the chemical elements are arranced according to their physical and chemical properties
561083312	pH	a measur of the concentration of a hydrogen ions in a solution
561083313	precipitation	a reaction that results in the seperation of a solid from a solution or a suspension
561083314	proton	positievly charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
561083315	radioactivity	the property possessed by those elements that emit alpa, beta, or gamma rays as a result of the spontaneous disintegration of the nuclei of their atoms
561083316	reduction	the process by which a substance gains electrons
561083317	saturated solution	a solution that contains as much solut as possible at a given temperature
561083318	solute	the substance that is dissolved in a solution
561083319	solution	a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
561083320	solvent	the substance that dissolves another substance in a solution
561083321	specific gravity	the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard substance, such as water or air
561083322	specific heat	the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius
561083323	sublimation	the process of changing a solid directly into gas
561083324	suspension	a heterogeneous mixture of undissoved solid particles in a liquid
561083325	sunthesis	the buliding up of complex compounds from simpler compounds or elements
561083326	valence	the mumber of electrons gained, lost, or shared by an atom in bonding with one or more other atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration
561083327	vaporization	the process by which a substance is changed from a liquid or solid into a gas
561083328	viscosity	a measure of a fluids resistance to flow