Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards

639063591	3 major schools or approaches	1: Psycho-dynamic 2: Cognitive - behavioral 3: Existential-humanistic
639063592	4 quadrants of an Integral Approach to counseling	A. Individual Perception Meaning-making B. Behavioral Physical/Neurological C. Societal/Professional Quadrant D. Cultural Community
639063593	Individual Perception Meaning-making	-- Understanding clients' worldview - how do individuals construct meaning of the world? -- Beliefs, values and biases frame of reference
639063594	Behavioral Physical/Neurological	-- Information regarding diet, exercise, habits, neurological functioning need to be assessed in counseling
641584534	...	-Neuroplasticity - The development of neurons as a result of repetitive behaviors enrichment programs, playing a musical instrument
641584535	...	-Mirror Neurons - monkeys developed neurons as a result of watching other monkeys reaching for peanuts. Clients experience neural activation while in a therapeutic relationship (empathy)
639063595	Societal/Professional Quadrant	Social, economic, demographic, scientific and technological changes that impact individuals --Religious/spiritual, economic class, sexual, ethical, ethnic/racial/cultural/physical identities --Older adults, alienated youth poverty, veterans, violence. Poverty is #1 variable!
639063596	Cultural Community	--Research US Surgeon General 2001:Traditional counseling and psychotherapy does not work with persons from diverse cultural backgrounds ex: Western constructs of individualism, autonomy, independence.. Be aware of own values, biases. Understand other cultures. Develop strategies
639063597	Etic Perspective	Good counseling is good counseling and Western concepts of normality and abnormality are equally applicable across cultures
639063598	Emic Perspective	clients lifestyles, cultural values and worldviews affect the expression of psychological distress thus one size does not fit all
639063599	Psycho-dynamic	-- past is prelude to future -- Change results from clients understanding of present linked to past (page 40)
639063600	Cognitive-Behavioral	--action and short-term treatment --Short-term observable changes (page 40)
639063601	Existential-Humanistic	Understand how client makes sense of the world)clients can discover their positive direction by talking with therapist (page 40)
639063602	Multicultural Orientation	Integration of three approaches plus (family community and society) (page42)
639063603	Positive Wellness Counseling Orientation	Clients personal assets and resources (pages 42-43)