AP Music Theory Symbols Flashcards

685345971	Cadence	Punctuation-like closure that dictates the form.
685345972	Cadential extension	Delay of cadence by addition of material.
685345973	contour	The shape of a musical line (as in an arc, or a straight line, or many bumps)
685345974	codetta	A short coda that occurs at the end of the exposition in sonata form rather than at the end of the composition.
685345975	Countermelody	An accompanying melody sounded against the principal melody.
685345976	Phrase elision	An elision occurs if the closing note of one phrase coincides with the first down beat of the following phrase, an overlapping.
685345977	motive	A theme that is elaborated on in a piece of music through different repetitions, sometimes in the background.
685345978	Fragmented motive	A small but recognizable part of a motive.
685345979	augmentation	The statement of a theme in notes of greater duration (usually twice the length of the original)
685345980	conjunct	Smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals.
685345981	dimunation	The statement of a theme in notes of shorter duration.
685345982	disjunct	Disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps.
685345983	phrase extension	A means of expanding a phrase by adding material to its beginning, middle, or end.
685345984	internal expansion	The lengthening of a phrase between its beginning and end. Results from immediate repetitions of material, an elongation of one or more harmonies, or the addition of new material within the phrase.
685345985	melodic inversion	each note in the repetition of the give melodic figure progresses to the next note by the same interval, but in the opposite direction (up a 3rd becomes down a 3rd.)
685345986	literal repetition	Sequences are repeated, indicated by repeat sign, capo, or segno.
685345987	motivic transformation	Change of a rhythmic motive (augmentation, diminution, retrograde, extension, truncation)
685345988	octave displacement	Taking a melodic line and moving some of the notes into a different octave for more distant intervals.
685345989	retrograde	Playing the music backwards, beginning with the last note and ending with the first.
685345990	sequence	A melodic or chordal figure that is transposed and repeated at that new pitch level.
685345991	sequential repetition	Transposing a longer sequence to a different scale degree; may be diatonic or intervalically exact.
685345992	truncation	Cutting off melody or motive before it ends.
685345993	period	A group of phrases consisting in an antecedent phrase and a consequent phrase (question and answer) usually lasting 8 bars. Can be extended for more than that.
685345994	antecedent	A phrase within the period of a melodic line that ends on a note other than the tonic.
685345995	consequent	A phrase within a period of music that comes after the antecedent phrase and ends on the tonic.
685345996	contrasting period	A period consisting of two phrases not similar to one another with respect to surface design. Even though the two phrases of the theme are not similar, they do form a unit of musical meaning unified by harmonic structure; the contrasting surface design of the two phrases makes them complement each other.
685345997	double period	A period that has two antecedent phrases and two consequent phrases.
685345998	parallel period	A period in which the two phrases share the same beginning melodic material.
685345999	phrase group	Three or more phrases with tonal and/or thematic design elements that group them together as a unit without forming a period.
685346000	refrain	A line or lines that are repeated in a song (chorus.)
685346001	binary form	a musical form consisting of two units (A and B) constructed to balance and complement each other, "AB form."
685346002	rounded binary form	Form with two sections, in which the second ends with a return to material from the first, each section is usually repeated. A:\|\|:B+A:\|\|
685346003	simple binary form	\|\|: A :\|\|: B :\|\| Has 2 distinct sections. No repetition of previous themes.
685346004	ternary form	Three-part (A-B-A) form based on a statement (A), contrast or departure (B), and repetition (A). Also three-part form.
685346005	stanza	Verse, a poem set with a recurring pattern of both rhyme and meter.
685346006	strophic	A song with repeated music but changing text.
685346007	theme	The melodic subject of a musical composition.
685346008	thematic transformation	Alteration of the character of a theme by means of changes in dynamics, orchestration, or rhythm, when it returns in a later movement or section; often found in romantic music.
685346009	through-composed	Song structure that is composed from beginning to end, without repetitions of large sections.
685346010	variation	A technique where material is repeated in an altered form.
685346011	verse	The main part of a song, identical music with different lyrics, comes before the refrain or chorus in pop music.
685346012	retrograde inverse	First backwards, then turn the line upside-down.