APHuG Rubenstein Ch 13 Urban Patterns Flashcards

643091131	Annexation	Legally adding land area to a city in the United States.
643091132	Census tract	An area delineated by the U.S. bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.
643091133	Concentric zone model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
643091134	Council of government	A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States.
643091135	Density gradient	The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.
643091136	Edge city	The large node of office and retail activiteis on the edge of an urban area.
643091137	Filtering	A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.
643091138	Gentrification	A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.
643091139	Greenbelt	A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
643091140	Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)	In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
643091141	Micropolitan statistical area	An urbanized area between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city.
643091142	Multiple nuclei model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
643091143	Peripheral model	A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
643091144	Public housing	Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the familes' incomes.
643091145	Redlining	A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
643091146	Rush hour	(peak hour) The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.
643091147	Sector model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business districs (CBD).
643091148	Smart growth	Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and to perserve farmland.
643091149	Sprawl	Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing bulit-up areas.
643091150	Squatter settlements	An area within a city in a less developed country in which poeple illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.
643091151	Underclass	A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.
643091152	Urbanized area	In the United States, a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs.
643091153	Urban renewal	Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utitlies, and turn the land over to private developers.
643091154	Zoning ordinance	A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.
643091155	Central Business District (CBD)	The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered
643091156	Combined Statsitical Area (CSA)	In the United States, two or more contiguous core based statistical areas tied together by communting patterns.
643091157	Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA)	In the United States, the combination of all metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas.
643091158	Social Area Analysis	Statisitcal analysis used to identify where people of similar living statands, ethnic background, and life style live within an urban area.
643091159	City	An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.
643091160	Primary Census Statistical Area (PCSA)	In the United States, all of the combined statistical areas plus all of the remaining metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas.