AP Human Chapter 11 Industry and Chapter 9 Development Flashcards

374988861	break-of-bulk point	a location where transfer among transport modes is possible and cheap
374988862	bulk-gaining industry	an industry that makes something that gains volume or weight during production
374988863	bulk-reducing industry	an economic activity in which the final product weighs less than its inputs
374988864	cottage industry	a home-based manufacturing system in which a family produces on product in their homes and distributes it to commercial sellers
374988865	Fordist	an approach within a factory in which each worker is assigned a specific task to perform repeatedly
374988866	Industrial Revolution	the process of change from the 1700's to the present that transformed the way goods are made, the way people obtain food, clothing, and shelter
374988867	labor-intensive industry	an industry in which labor cost is a high percentage of expense
374988868	maquiladora	a factory that is an American installment in Mexico, located there for the cheap labor, because it is cheaper to ship finished products back to the U.S.
374988869	new international division of labor	the selective transfer of some jobs to LDCs in order to obtain cheaper labor for companies
374988870	Post-Fordist	an approach to industry formed in modern times since the Fordist method in which workers are assigned to teams who perform a variety of tasks
374988871	right-to-work state	a state that has passed laws preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment
374988872	site factor	a factor that results from unique characteristics of a location.
374988873	situation factor	a factor that involves transporting materials to and from a factory; the proximity of a factory to resources and markets
374988874	textile	woven fabrics; the Industrial Revolution dramatically changed the production of these from a cottage industry to a commercial factory industry
374988875	trading bloc	one of the three regions of the world that engages in trade with and competes with the other 2 regions
374988876	development	the process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
374988877	Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)	a rating that compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making
374988878	Human Development Index (HDI)	a tool created by the United Nations that recognized a country's development according to social, economic, and demographic factors
374988879	Gender Development Index (GDI)	a measure that calculates, by the same indicators as HDI, the level of development of women to that of both sexes in a country
374988880	Gross Domestic Product (GDP)	the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country, normally over the period of one year
374988881	less-developed country (LDC)	a country in an earlier stage of development, a country that is in the process of developing
374988882	literacy rate	the percentage of a country's people that can read and write in the main language of that country.
374988883	more-developed country (MDC)	a country that has progressed further along the development continuum
374988884	primary sector	the set of workers in a country who directly extract materials from the earth
374988885	productivity	the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it
374988886	secondary sector	the set of workers in a country or economy who manufacture, process, transform, adn assemble raw materials into useful products
374988887	structural adjustment program	economic policies that create conditions encouraging international trade, usually implemented in LDCs by international trading agencies
374988888	tertiary sector	the set of workers in an economy who provide goods and services to people in exchange for payment
374988889	value added	the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy in manufacturing