EUK gene regulation Flashcards

123532129	cis regulatory elements	-often binding sites of one or more trans-acting factors (general transcription factors) -involves TATA, CAAT and GC box - a region of DNA or RNA that regulates the expression of genes located on that same molecule of DNA (often a chromosome) -These cis-regulatory elements are often binding sites for one or more trans-acting factors.
123532130	trans regulatory elements	-bind cis elements -bind RNA polymerase II and can activate transcription -modify the expression of genes distant from the gene that was originally transcribed to create them -they are transcribed at a different location on the genome, are translated in the cytosol and then bind DNA at the cis elements.
123532131	enhancers	-can be located before or after a gene -can be quite distant from the gene as DNA folding allow the enhancer binding proteins to still bind transcription factors at the promoter and enhance transcription
123532132	DNA binding domain	-transcription factors have DNA binding domains that bind only to certain DNA sequences
123532133	Dimerization domain	-sticks 2 transcription factors together to form a functional DNA binding unit -dimer formation adds an extra element of complexity and versatility
123532134	Activation/repression domain	binds to the enhancer binding protein or other transcription factors and modulates their function
123532135	repressors: competition	-competition for enhancer sequence binding between activator and repressor proteins binding of repressor to enhancer sequence blocks binding of activator -repressor proteins reduce transcription levels through competition
123532136	repressors: quenching	activator cannot bind to enhancer sequence.
123532137	repressors: blocking	repressor proteins can bind to and block the activation domain of an activator protein and prevent it from interacting with the basal transcriptional machinery
123532138	Glucocorticoids actions through hormone response elements	-small hydrophobic molecules -intracellular effects mediated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) -GR = zinc-finger transcription factor -a key anti-inflammaotry tx
123532139	Hormone response elements (HRE)	-DNA sequences are found in the promoter and regulatory sequence of many genes -allows coordinated gene regulation at mnay sites across the genome