AP Gov. important cases Flashcards

famous court cases for National exam. study

770830058	Brown v. Board of Education	1954, school segregation ruled as unconstitutional, violated the fourteenth amendment's guarantee of equal protection
770830059	Plessy v. Ferguson	1896, provided constitutional justification for segregation
770830060	Bush v. Gore	2000, equal protection clause to prove that ballots cannot be devalued, Florida's method of counting ballots was unconstitutional.
770830061	Engel v. Vitale	1962, state officials violated the first amendment by writing a prayer to be recited by new York schoolchildren
770830062	Lemon v. Kurtzman	1971, aid to church related schools must have a secular legislative purpose, have an effect that neither enhances nor inhibits religion, no excessive gov. entanglement with religion.
770830063	Near v. Minnesota	1931, first amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint
770830064	Gibbons v. Ogden	1963, supreme court interpreted the article 1, section 8 of the constitution giving congress power to regulate interstate commerce
770830065	Miranda v. Arizona	1966, sets guidelines for police questioning of accused persons against self-incrimination and protect their right to counsel.
770830066	Roe v. Wade	1973, held that a state ban on abortions was unconstitutional, forbade state control over abortions during 1st trimester, permitted states to limit abortions for the mothers health in the 2nd trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester.
770830067	Mapp v. Ohio	1961, fourth amendment's protection against unreasonable searches an seizures must be extended to the states as well as the federal government.
770830068	Marbury v. Madison	1803, right to the supreme court to determine the meaning of the constitution, established Court's power of judicial review over acts of congress.
770830069	McCulloch v. Maryland	1819, established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. congress has certain implied powers in addition to the eneumerated powers.
770830070	Gideon v. Wainwright	1963, anyone accused of a felony has a right to an attorney
770830071	Texas v. Johnson	1989, supreme court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag
770830072	US v. Nixon	1974, the doctrine of executive privilege was implicit in the constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions.
770830073	Lawrence v. Texas	2002, liberty under the due process clause allows people to engage in conduct without intervention of the government
770830074	Tinker v. DesMoines	1968, wearing of armbands is protected by the first amendment
770830075	Korematsu v. US	1944, upheld the internment of Japanese during WWII as constitutional
770830076	Regents of U.Cal v. Burke	a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race. the court did not rule that affirmative action policies and the use of criterion for admission were unconstitutional, only that they need an alternative way.
770830077	Adarand Constructors v. Pena	1995 supreme court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an apparently gracious purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional.
770830078	Barron v. Baltimore	1833 ruled that the bill of rights restrained only the national government, not states and cities
770830079	Gitlow v. New York	state governments must respect some first amendment rights